Prevention of zoonotic spillover : From relying on response to reducing the risk at source
2023
Markotter, Wanda | Mettenleiter, Thomas C. | Adisasmito, Wiku B. | Almuhairi, Salama | Behravesh, Casey Barton | Bilivogui, Pépé | Bukachi, Salome A. | Casas, Natalia | Becerra, Natalia Cediel | Charron, Dominique F. | Chaudhary, Abhishek | Ciacci Zanella, Janice R. | Cunningham, Andrew A. | Dar, Osman | Debnath, Nitish | Dungu, Baptiste | Farag, Elmoubasher | Gao, George F. | Hayman, David T. S. | Khaitsa, Margaret | Koopmans, Marion P. G. | Machalaba, Catherine | Mackenzie, John S. | Morand, Serge | Smolenskiy, Vyacheslav | Zhou, Lei
The devastating impact of COVID-19 on human health globally has prompted extensive discussions on how to better prepare for and safeguard against the next pandemic. Zoonotic spillover of pathogens from animals to humans is recognized as the predominant cause of emerging infectious diseases and as the primary cause of recent pandemics. This spillover risk is increased by a range of factors (called drivers) that impact the nature, frequency and intensity of contact between humans and wild animals. Many of these drivers are related to human impact, for instance, deforestation and changes in land use and agricultural practices. While it is clear that the triad of prevention-preparedness-response (P-P-R) is highly relevant, there is much discussion on which of these three strategic activities in the field of emerging infectious disease should be prioritized and how to optimally target resources. For this, it is important to understand the scope of the respective activity and the consequences of prioritization.
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