MOLYBDENUM AND COPPER IN THE SOYBEAN FERTILIZER SYSTEM

Background. In modern agriculture, the improvement of zonal technology for cultivating crops, including soybeans, taking into account new knowledge in the field of agrochemistry is of urgent importance. Purpose. To study the effect of presowing treatment of seeds with molybdenum and copper on the yield and quality of soybean seeds. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2022-2023 on the experimental field of the Laboratory of agrochemistry of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center in a long-term stationary experiment based on grain-steam crop rotation. Two–factor experience: factor A - fertilizer application options: 1) without fertilizers; 2) pre-sowing seed treatment (POS) with ammonium molybdate (Mo); 3) POS Mo + Cu; 4) POS Mo + inoculation of seeds with Rhizotorphin; 5) POS Mo + Cu + inoculation. Factor B is the main application of mineral fertilizers: 1) Without fertilizers (background 0); 2) fertilization (background N30P30). The soil of the experimental site is meadow-chernozem medium-humus medium-thick heavy loamy, the content of mobile phosphorus is average, exchangeable potassium is high (according to Chirikov), the availability of available forms of molybdenum is average, copper is low. The photosynthetic productivity of crops and the symbiotic ability of soybean plants, as well as the protein and fat content in seeds, and crop productivity were empirically determined depending on the factors studied. Results. It was found that the maximum yield of soybeans was obtained by sowing it with seeds treated with risotrophin (strain 835) and molybdenum against the background of N30P30 application – 2.75 t/ha. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with molybdenum has a significant effect on the photosynthetic productivity of crops (FPP), the foliage of plants increased by 30%. Intensification of leaf surface growth was determined by crop productivity, the dependence of yield on area and FPP was described by a polynomial dependence equation with a close correlation of features (r=0.74). For the conditions of the southern forest–steppe of Western Siberia, it was revealed that the maximum limit of the leaf area is 45 m2 thousand/ha, further increase in the leaf surface led to a decrease in crop productivity. The use of Rhizotorphin, even in the presence of spontaneous symbiotic microflora in the soil, is quite effective. The weight and number of nodules on soybean roots increased by 24; 41%, respectively. Conclusion. Studies have shown that when cultivating soybeans in the meadow-chernozem soil of the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk Irtysh region, sowing it with treated seeds with molybdenum and Rhizotorphin in combination with the main application of macro fertilizers is most effective.