Green guardians: Bacterial endophytes in protecting vegetable crops against pathogens
2025
Sagarika Medari | Krishnan Kalpana | Muthusamy Ramakrishnan | Aravindaram Kandan | Subbiah Ramasamy | Karuppiah Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan | Sankarasubramanian Harish | Andithevar Beaulah | Rangaswamy Anandham | Narayanan Manikandaboopathi | Marimuthu Ayyandurai
Vegetables are considered as the major source for opportunistic and emerging pathogens due to their diverse microbiome. Utilising bacterial endophytes and other bacterial agents to control a variety of economically important plant diseases is vital for achieving sustainable agriculture. Within internal plant tissues, bacterial endophytes form colonies without apparent injury. These bacteria provide several advantages for plant systems, including the direct stimulation of plant development through the creation of metabolites or phytohormones. Importantly, bacterial endophytes play a dual role by safeguarding their plant host through the biocontrol of pathogens and induction of the plant's innate immune system. This review offers a methodical and inclusive examination of the current state of endophytic diversity of bacteria, their methods of plant colonisation and their potential functions as protective agents against plant diseases. The review concludes by proposing diverse effective strategies for applying endophytic bacteria as a biological agent aiming to safeguard vegetable crop plants and enhancing the resilience of agricultural products.
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