Captación de agua de neblina mediante la instalación de neblinómetros como una alternativa sustentable para las diferentes zonas de estudio en la parroquia de Natabuela

La presente investigación se centra en la captación de agua mediante la utilización de neblinómetros empleando un material denominado Sarán Sombra 80%, el lugar de estudio se centró en la parroquia de Natabuela provincia de Imbabura. El objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar la cantidad de agua proveniente de neblina de cuatro sitios diferentes, diferenciando el tipo de suelo donde iban a ser colocados, fundamentándose en los principios físicos de la formación de la neblina. Se evaluó la distribución en tiempo y espacio de las variables meteorológicas: precipitación, temperatura, humedad relativa, viento y evapotranspiración con el fin de caracterizar el entorno donde estuvieron colocados los aparatos desde el punto de vista climático y con esto deducir aspectos predominantes en la formación de neblina. El mayor volumen de agua obtenido fue de 4,34 mm/mes en el Área de Estudio 1, caracterizado por su suelo cubierto de vegetación arbustiva, especies perennes, frutales, por la presencia de estos aspectos se veía que se obtenía un mayor volumen en relación a las otras Áreas de Estudio mientras que el menor valor fue de 0,55 mm/mes para el Área de Estudio 3, cuya superficie era de pavimento, ya que se localizada a la altura de la panamericana E35, lo que provoca que se diera un transporte de las gotas de agua que se condensaban provocando una disminución en la captación de agua de neblina. Para considerar la viabilidad que llegarían a tener los neblinómetros, la investigación se basa en el método de Hargreaves para el cálculo de la evapotranspiración potencial con el objeto de conocer el volumen de agua de retorno que podría llegar a tener el neblinómetro en el mejor de los escenarios y para poder cubrir el requerimiento hídrico de una planta, como un ejemplo se utilizó el aguacate, llegando a la conclusión que sería necesario utilizar 37 neblinómetros para el Área de Estudio 1, y 292 para el Área de Estudio 3.

The present research focuses on the capture of water through the use of neblinometers using a material called Saran Shade 80%, the study site was focused on the parish of Natabuela province of Imbabura. The main objective of the study was to determine the amount of water coming from fog from four different sites, differentiating the type of soil where they were to be placed, based on the physical principles of mist formation. The distribution in time and space of the meteorological variables was evaluated: precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind and evapotranspiration in order to characterize the environment where the devices were placed from the climatic point of view and with this to deduce aspects predominant in the formation of haze. The largest volume of water obtained was 4,34 mm / month in Study Area 1, characterized by its soil covered with shrub vegetation, perennial species, fruit trees, due to the presence of these aspects it was seen that a greater volume was obtained in in relation to the other Study Areas, while the lowest value was 0,55 mm / month for Study Area 3, whose surface area was pavement, since it was located at the height of Pan American E35, which causes gave a transport of water droplets that condensed causing a decrease in the capture of mist water. To consider the feasibility of the nebulinometers, the research is based on the Hargreaves method for calculating potential evapotranspiration in order to know the volume of return water that the nebulinometer could have at the best of the scenarios and to be able to cover the water requirement of a plant, as an example the avocado was used, reaching the conclusion that it would be necessary to use 37 neblinometers for Study Area 1, and 292 for Study Area 3.

The present research focuses on the capture of water through the use of neblinometers using a material called Saran Shade 80%, the study site was focused on the parish of Natabuela province of Imbabura. The main objective of the study was to determine the amount of water coming from fog from four different sites, differentiating the type of soil where they were to be placed, based on the physical principles of mist formation. The distribution in time and space of the meteorological variables was evaluated: precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind and evapotranspiration in order to characterize the environment where the devices were placed from the climatic point of view and with this to deduce aspects predominant in the formation of haze. The largest volume of water obtained was 4,34 mm / month in Study Area 1, characterized by its soil covered with shrub vegetation, perennial species, fruit trees, due to the presence of these aspects it was seen that a greater volume was obtained in in relation to the other Study Areas, while the lowest value was 0,55 mm / month for Study Area 3, whose surface area was pavement, since it was located at the height of Pan American E35, which causes gave a transport of water droplets that condensed causing a decrease in the capture of mist water. To consider the feasibility of the nebulinometers, the research is based on the Hargreaves method for calculating potential evapotranspiration in order to know the volume of return water that the nebulinometer could have at the best of the scenarios and to be able to cover the water requirement of a plant, as an example the avocado was used, reaching the conclusion that it would be necessary to use 37 neblinometers for Study Area 1, and 292 for Study Area 3.