Problem zmienności wewnątrzgatunkowej świerka w nauce i gospodarce leśnej

英语. This is a lecture inaugurating the college year 1964/65. The author discusses one of the ways to improve the productivity of forests made possible by the knowledge of intra-specific variation of trees and its application. The problem of intra-specific variation is illustrated by the example of the collective species Picea Abies /L. Karst./; this is done from the point of viev of production reserves in forestry which can be utilized by considering in forest husbandry the knowledge of economically valuable, natural /wild/, as well as morphological and physiological varietties of forest trees and their transitory forms appearing in each forest-stand /trus a partial population/. The author explains the kind of necessary variation and describes the present state of scientific knowledge on the variation of the spruce. The author is especially interested by varieties and their transitory forms shows so as to correlate morphological forms with physiological properties expressed /among others/ by mass increment, fructification, phenology, resistance against noxious climatic factors etd. Cultivated or economic varieties /cultivar/could varieties of the spruce. The author shortly discusses the features which differentiate the known varieties of the ordinary spruce /based on the types of branch development /and enumerates their basic transitory forms /combinations/, drawing attention to their different proportions in the forest-stands occuring in areas of the Western Beskid chain /Carpathians/ which differn by climatic characteristics. He stresses the possibility of discerning the ecotypes of the spruce by finding differences in proportions of the named basic and transitory forms of variation in the separate populations. In the scientific part of the problem there exists /according to the author/ an urgent need to confirm in various geographical conditions the significance of the assumed correlation of the separate morphological features between tchem as well as their corresponding physiological properties, and lastly to asses their heritability. Parallelly he proposes research /with methodical recommendations/ on the proportion of definite types of branch development in the spruce and their combinations, especially in nearly natural populations, as well as a cartographical presentation of their range. Investigations of the intra-specific variation of the spruce should be conducted by a complex of basic scientiffic disciplines named by the author. The discussed intra-specific variation of the spruce should be reckoned with by all applied branches of forest science as by practical foresters in taxational work and management operations. This will further the solution of a problem not studied until now which opens wide perspectives of improving the productivity of forest economy without considerable inputs in regions of forests with a known proportion of spruce.

抛光. świerk, zmienność wewnątrzgatunkowa, nauka, gospodarka leśna, drzewostan

英语. spruce, intraspecific variability, science, forest economy, forest stand

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