Influencia de la radiación solar en la acumulación de materia seca del llantén forrajero (plantago lanceolata L.).

Although solar radiation contributes directly to the accumulation of dry matter, it is essential to determine the best time to take advantage of the nutritional content of pastures\; for forage plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), it is managed when it reaches 6-7 true leaves, with an establishment of 7 to 10 days compared to 10 to 12 days for white clover. It is important to consider that older plants tend to accumulate anti-nutritional compounds, such as tannins, which decrease palatability and digestibility, in addition to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, climate change reduces crop yields by shortening the growing season, decreasing pasture quality. The objective of the research is to evaluate, through a documentary analysis, the accumulation of dry matter, protein and energy in fodder plantain, considering climatic variables such as solar radiation, relative humidity and precipitation, with the purpose of analyzing its growth. The research analyzes the impact of climatic factors on dry matter accumulation, an essential parameter for estimating plant productivity. The methodology was conducted as a literature review of scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025, obtained from scientific databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science focusing the search on producing countries of the world. The results indicated that Colombia was the country with the most balanced data in all variables analyzed (3750 kg/ha DM, 153.62 kWh/m2, 77% relative humidity and 3240mm of precipitation), concluding that forage plantain is resilient and efficient under diverse climatic conditions, but its benefits and productivity are enhanced in radiation levels of 150-200 kWh/m2 and abundant rainfall (1000-3000 mm), conditions that are significantly close to those of Ecuador, where there are still no precise technical studies on this pasture.

Si bien la radiación solar contribuye directamente a la acumulación de materia seca, es fundamental determinar el mejor momento para aprovechar el contenido nutricional de las pasturas; para el llantén forrajero (Plantago lanceolata L.), se maneja cuando alcanza las 6-7 hojas verdaderas, con un establecimiento de 7 a 10 días frente 10 a 12 días del trébol blanco. Es importante considerar que las plantas más viejas tienden a acumular compuestos anti nutricionales, como taninos, que disminuyen la palatabilidad y digestión, además de incrementar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, el cambio climático reduce el rendimiento de los cultivos al acortar el periodo de crecimiento, disminuyendo la calidad de la pastura. El objetivo de la investigación se centra en evaluar, a través de un análisis documental la acumulación de materia seca, proteína y energía en llantén forrajero, considerando variables climáticas como la radiación solar, la humedad relativa y la precipitación, con el propósito de analizar su crecimiento. La investigación analiza el impacto de factores climáticos, sobre la acumulación de materia seca, un parámetro esencial para estimar la productividad vegetal. La metodología se realizó como una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados entre 2015 y 2025, obtenidos de bases de datos científicas como Scopus, ScienceDirect y Web of Science enfocando la búsqueda en países productores del mundo. Los resultados indicaron que Colombia fue el país con los datos más equilibrados en todas las variables analizadas (3750 kg/ha MS, 153,62 kWh/m2 , 77% de humedad relativa y 3240mm de precipitación), concluyendo que el llantén forrajero es resiliente y eficiente bajo diversas condiciones climáticas, pero se potencian sus beneficios y productividad en niveles de radiación de 150-200 kWh/m2 y precipitaciones abundantes (1000-3000 mm), condiciones que se acercan significativamente a las del Ecuador, donde aún no se cuenta con estudios técnicos y precisos sobre esta pastura.

Although solar radiation contributes directly to the accumulation of dry matter, it is essential to determine the best time to take advantage of the nutritional content of pastures; for forage plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), it is managed when it reaches 6-7 true leaves, with an establishment of 7 to 10 days compared to 10 to 12 days for white clover. It is important to consider that older plants tend to accumulate anti-nutritional compounds, such as tannins, which decrease palatability and digestibility, in addition to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, climate change reduces crop yields by shortening the growing season, decreasing pasture quality. The objective of the research is to evaluate, through a documentary analysis, the accumulation of dry matter, protein and energy in fodder plantain, considering climatic variables such as solar radiation, relative humidity and precipitation, with the purpose of analyzing its growth. The research analyzes the impact of climatic factors on dry matter accumulation, an essential parameter for estimating plant productivity. The methodology was conducted as a literature review of scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025, obtained from scientific databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science focusing the search on producing countries of the world. The results indicated that Colombia was the country with the most balanced data in all variables analyzed (3750 kg/ha DM, 153.62 kWh/m2, 77% relative humidity and 3240mm of precipitation), concluding that forage plantain is resilient and efficient under diverse climatic conditions, but its benefits and productivity are enhanced in radiation levels of 150-200 kWh/m2 and abundant rainfall (1000-3000 mm), conditions that are significantly close to those of Ecuador, where there are still no precise technical studies on this pasture.