Effects of oligoelement supplements alone or associated with an hepatoprotector during late gestation on sow and piglet performances | Quel impact d'une supplémentation en oligo-éléments associée ou non à des hépatoprotecteurs en fin de gestation sur les performances des truies et de leurs porcelets ?

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英语. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of oligoelement supplementation, with or without support of the liver function, on the performances and health of sows and their piglets. A total of 84 Large White × Landrace multiparous sows from one farrow-to-finish farm were divided into three equivalent groups based on their parity and backfat thickness (BF). The CONTROL group received the pregnancy and lactating diets traditionally used on the farm. For the OLIGO and OLIGO+HEPATO groups, oligoelement supplements were added to the normal diet for 14 days before farrowing (magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, dicalcium phosphate, magnesium oxide, lithothamne, nettle powder, marine algae, rosemary, turmeric, fenugreek, milk thistle). Plants that support liver functioning and with anti-oxidant properties (Cynara cardunculus, Orthosiphon stamineus and Curcuma longa) were given to the OLIGO+HEPATO group for 7 days before farrowing. Data from sows (weight, BF, parity, breed and duration of lactation) and from their litter (weight at birth, at 24h, at weaning and every week until eight weeks old; mortality and health of piglets) were collected. Daily feed intake was recorded, and total feed intake was calculated. Body weight and feed intake of lactating sows that received both supplements did not differ from those of the CONTROL group. Nevertheless, 13 fat sows in the OLIGO group lost less BF after the lactating period. All groups had an equivalent mean litter size (17.4 piglets/sow) and a low preweaning mortality (11.8%). Piglet performances (weaning weight, average daily gain and gain:feed ratio) did not differ significantly. No diarrhea or health problems were observed during the trial. For a homogeneous herd, this study highlights an absence of positive effects of oligoelement or hepatoprotector supplementations on sow or piglet performances. The positive effect observed on a few fat sows highlights the importance of proper veterinary diagnosis to target the specific sows for which supplementation could be beneficial.

法语. A la fin de la gestation et pendant la lactation, les besoins énergétiques et minéraux des truies sont fortement augmentés, notamment en lien avec l’augmentation de la prolificité (Kim et al., 2009 ; Quiniou, 2016). Par ailleurs, les truies en péripartum sont potentiellement à risque vis-à-vis de désordres métaboliques et hépatiques qui peuvent avoir des conséquences sur la production de colostrum et de lait (Loisel et al., 2014). Ainsi, même si les besoins énergétiques et en minéraux peuvent varier individuellement (Dourmad et al., 2018), une bonne stratégie nutritionnelle pour la truie gestante doit permettre d’accompagner la hausse de la prolificité sans pénaliser la qualité du colostrum et la santé du porcelet. Les minéraux, y compris les oligo-éléments, et les vitamines sont actuellement introduits dans les régimes alimentaires des truies afin d’obtenir des performances appropriées. L’objectif de cette étude est donc d’évaluer les effets d’une supplémentation en oligo-éléments de l’aliment apporté à la fin de la gestation, associée ou non à un mélange aux propriétés hépatoprotectrices, sur la santé et les performances des truies et de leurs porcelets.