THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BASIC TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND CHEMICALS IN THE CULTIVATION OF CROPS IN THE GRAIN AND FALLOW CROP ROTATION

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of tillage methods and chemical agents on crop yields, productivity and economic efficiency of grain and fallow crop rotation. The work was performed in the conditions of the north-east of the Central Chernozem region, in a long-term stationary field experiment on typical chernozem with a humus content of 6.8-7.0%. The systems of basic tillage in the grain–and-fallow crop rotation were studied: traditional multi-depth dump control, permanent surface (10-12 cm disketing), permanent multi- depth dumpless, combined (dump-free and dump-surface), as well as various chemical treatment options (N60P60K60, N10P0K0 kg of active ingredient of azofoska per 1 ha of arable land); seed pickling – background, background + pesticides for the vegetation of crop rotation crops. The use of permanent surface and non-fallow processing systems led to a decrease in the yield of winter wheat by 0.28 and 0.15 t/ha, barley by 0.11 and 0.28 t/ha. The combined dump-surface treatment system ensured the yield of these crops at the same level as the traditional multi–depth dump system (control), winter wheat - 5.69 t/ha, barley – 2.91 t/ha with the indicator on the control – 5.72 and 2.93 t/ha. The methods of tillage did not significantly affect the yield of soybeans - the differences between the variants were within the experimental error. The highest productivity of crop rotation, regardless of the background of the main treatment, was ensured by the integrated use of protective equipment and fertilizers N60P60K60. The use of this technique increased the yield of grain units per hectare of crop rotation area by 0.40-0.43 thousand tons/ha compared with the level of mineral nutrition N10P0K0. With an increase in the level of chemicalization, costs increased, which outstripped the increase in crop rotation productivity. As a result, the cost recovery with the improvement of the agricultural sector decreased by 17.4-21.3%, depending on the background of tillage