Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis in a Young Male: An Unusual Case Report
2025
Ankit Ojha | Prakriti Shukla | Pragat Gupta
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is an exceptionally rare neoplasm that is frequently associated with chronic irritation of the urothelium. It accounts for less than 1% of all renal malignancies and is often diagnosed incidentally due to non specific clinical and radiological features. Long-term renal calculi, as a sequel to pelviureteric junction obstruction or urinary tract infections, if untreated, can lead to mechanical irritation and chronic inflammation, which increases the risk of SCC. A few other factors that contribute to the development of SCC include smoking, exposure to chemical carcinogens like aromatic amines, schistosomiasis infection in endemic regions and retrograde instrumentation of the urinary tract. The term “primary SCC” is reserved for those tumours that exclusively contain squamous components without any evidence of urothelial components. Usually, these tumours are highly aggressive and have a poorer prognosis compared to other urinary tract malignancies. Although nephrectomy remains the treatment of choice, the role of neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy requires further evaluation. The authors report an interesting and unusual case of primary SCC of the renal pelvis in a 36-year-old male with no prior history of calculi, who presented with significant weight loss and pain in the left flank over a period of just one month.
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