Genetic Diversity and Relationship Among Algerian, Nigerian, and Turkish Goat Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers

Background: This study was conducted to identify genetic diversity among goat breeds in Algeria, Türkiye, and Nigeria, which is believed to have arisen due to historical influences, trade networks, and environmental adaptations, using 12 microsatellite markers. Additionally, the study provided insights into the population structure and kinship relationships among the breeds. Methods: The animal material of the study consisted of 514 goats from eight breeds: four Algerian (n = 224), two Turkish (n = 140), and two Nigerian (n = 150) native goat breeds. The quality and quantity control of DNA obtained from blood samples was determined using the Nanodrop 2000 device. In the study, 12 microsatellite markers were used. Capillary electrophoresis was used to separate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments labeled with fluorescent dye in the Beckman Coulter GeXP Genetic Analyzer. Statistical analyses were used to calculate molecular genetic parameters, F-statistics, and genetic distances. Factorial correspondence analysis, structure analysis, and dendrogram construction were used to explore population structure. Results: The study used microsatellite markers to analyze genetic diversity in various breeds, revealing 149 alleles with a mean of 12.41 per locus. Positive inbreeding coefficient within subpopulations (FIS) values indicated a heterozygote deficiency, suggesting potential breeding strategies. Population structure analyses revealed distinct genetic clusters and relationships, providing insights into genetic variation within populations. Conclusion: The study provides a detailed analysis of goat populations in Algeria, Türkiye, and Nigeria, revealing the presence of heterozygote deficiency and the need for strategic breeding interventions to preserve genetic diversity. The findings also reveal distinct genetic clusters and relationships with historical influences, particularly the role of the Mediterranean Sea, adding depth to our understanding. The research offers practical guidance for the sustainable management of these valuable genetic resources, emphasizing adaptive strategies to ensure the resilience and adaptability of goat populations. The findings are crucial for informed decision-making in conserving and utilizing diverse livestock breeds, urging further exploration of goat populations’ genetic landscapes.