Nanoencapsulated nitric oxide donor triggers a dose-dependent effect on the responses of maize seedlings to high light stress
2025
Diego G. Gomes | Bruno T. Sousa | Joana C. Pieretti | Roney H. Pereira | Wagner R. de Souza | Halley C. Oliveira | Amedea B Seabra
Nanoencapsulation of nitric oxide (NO) donors provides sustained release of NO, prolonging its action on plants. Here, we evaluated the action of NO-releasing chitosan nanoparticles containing GSNO (S-nitrosoglutathione) on the protection of maize plants (Zea mays cv. Balu 787) against high light-induced stress. Experiment 1 was used to compare maize plants under different light intensities. Experiment 2 evaluated the protective effect of chitosan nanoparticles containing GSNO (NPNO) in different concentrations (200 or 400 µM). Experiment 3 compared the protective effect of NPNO to non-nanoencapsulated GSNO (NO) and nanoparticles without NO-releasing molecule (NP). In experiments 1 and 2, chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange measurements were performed. In experiment 3, chlorophyll a fluorescence and biochemical analyses were carried out. In experiment 1, increases in dynamic photoinhibition (DP) of 135 % (Day 1), 370 % (Day 2), 206 % (Day 3), and 100 % (Day 5) were observed from sun plants. In experiment 2, NPNO400 showed higher levels of DP on the first (+ 148 %) and second days (+ 171 %), followed by a reduction on the fifth day (- 22 %). For gas exchange parameters, NPNO400 attenuated the reduction in A at noon and significantly increased k, while NPNO200 decreased the k value. The differences in the effects induced by NPNO treatments are dose-dependent. In experiment 3, NPNO was the only treatment that significantly increased NO bioavailability and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD; POD), contributing to mitigating stress caused by excess light on plants. The nanoencapsulation of NO donors protected maize plants against photoinhibition.
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