Management of Grapevine Fungal Diseases by Using Antagonistic Endophytes - An Environment-Friendly Approach
2024
Akhilesh Chandrapati, Jay Prakash Singh, Yenda Damodhara Rao, Meenakshi Rana, Somnath K. Holkar and Seweta Srivastava
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the major crops grown commercially throughout the world. In recent years, there have been major losses to grapevine production due to the challenges caused mainly due to fungal diseases like downy mildew, powdery mildew, grey mold, black rot, and anthracnose. In the last few decades, rampant chemical fertilization and bio-magnification of hazardous chemicals have posed a threat to human health and destroyed the health of the soil as well as crops. For effective management of these fungal diseases of grapes, nowadays, many researchers are conducting various studies on endophytes, which are proven to be better bio-control agents to suppress the growth and development of grapevine phytopathogens. Endophytes are eco-friendly, effective, and easy to apply at field levels, making endophyte-based formulations suppress the growth and development of grapevine pathogens without causing any detrimental effects to the beneficial micro-organisms present at the rhizospheric zone of soil and host plants as compared to the traditional fungicides usage. It also competes with these pathogens for nutrition, space, and colonization. It helps in the production of secondary metabolites with antifungal properties for preventing the growth of fungal pathogens that cause damage to the grapevine crop. It also induces a defense mechanism in grapevine crops against diseasecausing fungal phytopathogens. In this review article, biocontrol mechanisms of endophytes and their potential application in the management of grapevine fungal diseases have been discussed.
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