Exploiting male sterility toward the development of hybrid rice
2024
Zhaoxia Cai | Conghao Xu | Xiaoqian Liu | Yangyang Lv | Yidan Ouyang | Haichao Jiang
Plant male sterility is an important agronomic trait in the context of heterosis and has made great contributions to crop hybrid seed production worldwide. There are two male sterility systems, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and genic male sterility (GMS), which are widely used in rice breeding programs. CMS is caused by mitochondrial genes and can be restored by the nuclear fertility restorer gene, providing the genetic basis for the development of a three-line system of hybrid crop varieties. GMS includes dominant and recessive nuclear sterility and is usually associated with the nuclear genome. A number of GMSs have been found to be regulated by environmental conditions and can revert to fertile conditions under different growth conditions, making them useful for breeding two-line hybrids of several crop species. Here, the progress of research on the CMS and GMS systems in rice are described, including the cloned genes and their regulatory mechanisms, and we look forward to their better utilization in hybrid rice production.
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