FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN POLISH DAIRY FARMS IN 2022
2025
Michał Pietrzak
Poland is among the leading milk producers in the European Union, ranking fifth in terms of output. This study investigates the relationship between the scale of dairy cattle farming and partial productivity indicators – namely, labor, land, and capital productivity – using data from the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2022. The analysis reveals that larger dairy farms demonstrate significantly higher productivity levels compared to smaller units, primarily due to more efficient use of production factors. The most pronounced disparities are observed in labor productivity: farms with 40 or more cows exhibit up to a 36-fold advantage over the smallest holdings. This difference is mainly attributed to the higher number of cows per unit of labor input and is further influenced by variations in milk yield, milk price, and the use of hired labor as a supplement to family labor. The study applies a pyramidal indicator system based on the DuPont methodology, which facilitates a comprehensive decomposition of productivity drivers. The findings underscore the pivotal role of herd size as a determinant of farm competitiveness. The article concludes by highlighting the need for further research to identify optimal pathways for restructuring milk production in Poland toward more concentrated and efficient farming systems, thereby supporting the country’s strong position within the EU dairy sector.
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