Effects of Distinct Revegetation Methods on Growth and Microbial Properties of Vallisneria natans

This study investigated the effects of the mud-sinking (MS) method, agar gel-sinking (AS) method and agar gel-sinking with artificial aquatic mat (ASA) method on the growth, physiological characteristics, water purification capacity, and associated microbial community of the different organs of Vallisneria natans (V. natans). Results showed that the growth of agar-based growth (group AS and ASA) were more effective than the mud-wrapped method (group MS), exhibiting longer length, higher fresh weight and biomass of agar-based V. natans with the artificial aquatic mat (group ASA) being higher than those of other groups. MS caused a stress response in the oxidative system, which then inhibited photosynthesis. Results of water quality measurements showed that the three planting methods positively affected water purification without significant differences (p &gt: 0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference (p &gt: 0.05) between the microbial communities in terms of the roots and those found in rhizosphere soils in the MS group with high throughput sequencing. Meanwhile, the addition of agar in the AS and ASA groups increased the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and reduced the diversity of root microbial communities. Microbial community compositions in the rhizosphere soil and root differed significantly (p &lt: 0.05). High throughput sequencing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also revealed that the biofilm on the surfaces were different, with Proteobacteria and Cyanophyta consistently dominating. This study provides new insights on the more effective revegetation methods of V. natans, researched the environmental impact of the addition of agar, and provides some theoretical support for the revegetation of submerged macrophytes under ecological restoration.