The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Supplementation on the Nutritional Status of Women with Breast Cancer in Palestine: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
2024
Heba F. Almassri | Azidah Abdul Kadir | Mohammed Srour | Leng Huat Foo
Background: This study emphasizes the critical role of early nutritional interventions in addressing cancer-related malnutrition. It aimed to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (&omega:3) and vitamin D3 (VitD) supplementation on the nutritional status of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer (BC) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Method: A total of 88 newly diagnosed women with BC were randomly assigned into four groups: (i) Omega-3 fatty acid (&omega:3) group: (ii) Vitamin D (VitD) group: (iii) &omega:3+VitD group: and (iv) the controls. The patients took two daily 300 mg &omega:3 capsules and/or one weekly 50,000 IU VitD tablet for nine weeks. Nutritional status of the participants was assessed by several measurement tools, namely, the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA)-derived scores, anthropometric measurements, blood albumin status and dietary intakes between the baseline and after 9 weeks post-intervention. The procedures of the present study were registered on ClinicalTrial.gov with the identifier NCT05331807. Results: At the end of trial, there was a significant increase in the PG-SGA-derived nutritional risk scores (p <: 0.01), body weight and body mass index (BMI) (both p <: 0.05) among participants in &omega:3+VitD group compared to other groups. Additionally, there was a significant rise in blood albumin levels (p <: 0.05), daily energy and protein intake in the &omega:3+VitD group (p <: 0.05) compared to baseline. Conclusion: Participants with supplementation of daily &omega:3 and weekly VitD had improved nutritional status, assessed by the PG-SGA scores and anthropometric measures, blood albumin and dietary energy and protein intake among women with BC who were undergoing active treatment.
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