Literature Review on Mitigation Measures for Bird Electrocutions Occurring Due to Streamers on Transmission Power Lines
2025
Kaajial Durgapersad | Andreas Beutel | Nishal Mahatho
Bird streamer faults occur when the streamer, i.e., bird excretion, bridges the gap between two energized components or an energized and an earthed component of a tower structure. This results in a short circuit, which may be accompanied by an outage in the electricity supply. Due to the impact of these faults on electrical infrastructure and bird mortality, a detailed literature review to identify effective mitigation measures for sub-transmission lines (44&ndash:132 kV) and transmission lines (132&ndash:765 kV) was conducted. The findings show that there are several measures used internationally to reduce streamer-related faults, e.g., bird perch deterrents, shields, changing tower design configurations, changing insulator types and properties, and bird runways. Bird perch deterrents are typically most effectively used by many utilities: however, it is imperative that the perch deterrents are placed and installed correctly. Placement should be above potential problematic areas&mdash:to prevent the bridging of the gaps&mdash:at various points on different tower structures. Moreover, bird guards need to be monitored and maintained to ensure effectiveness over time. The involvement of a range of stakeholders when making environmental management decisions, such as researching and implementing the best mitigation measures, is also critical to ensure continued success.
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