The Pathological and Histopathological Findings in Cats with Clinically Recognised Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Are Related to the Severity of Clinical Signs and Disease Duration
2025
Izabela Janus-Ziółkowska | Joanna Bubak | Rafał Ciaputa | Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola | Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequent type of cardiac disease in cats. Due to its high prevalence and risk of sudden and severe signs, the disease is an important topic of various research. Despite the focus on the clinical course of the disease, studies presenting the pathological and histopathological patterns are rare. The study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of feline patients subjected to postmortem examination in the Cardiopathology Unit due to a clinical diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based on echocardiographic examination and ACVIM guidelines. Thirty-four cats clinically diagnosed with HCM were enrolled in the study. During the postmortem examination, hearts were subjected to gross morphometric and histopathological evaluation. Our results show that the histopathological pattern in cats with clinically stated HCM is very diverse, affecting both ventricles and atria. The histopathological picture is more complex in animals diagnosed earlier and treated for a longer period. Moreover, it is generally unrelated to wall thickness, with only left ventricular fibrosis affecting the thickness of the left ventricular wall. In conclusion, further research combining clinical and pathological results is required to unambiguously determine the histopathological remodelling that takes place in the myocardium of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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