A Comparison of a Pulse-Based Diet and the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet in Combination with Exercise and Health Counselling on the Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2018
Maryam Kazemi | Laura E. McBreairty | Donna R. Chizen | Roger A. Pierson | Philip D. Chilibeck | Gordon A. Zello
We compared the effects of a low-glycemic index pulse-based diet, containing lentils, beans, split peas, and chickpeas, to the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet on cardio-metabolic measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Ninety-five women (18&ndash:35 years) enrolled in a 16-week intervention: 30 women in the pulse-based and 31 in the TLC groups completed the study. Women participated in aerobic exercise training (minimum 5 days/week for 45 min/day) and were counselled (monthly) about PCOS and lifestyle modification. Women underwent longitudinal follow-up post-intervention. The pulse-based group had a greater reduction in total area under the curve for insulin response to a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (mean change ±: SD: &minus:121.0 ±: 229.9 vs. &minus:27.4 ±: 110.2 µ:IU/mL ×: min: p = 0.05): diastolic blood pressure (&minus:3.6 ±: 6.7 vs. &minus:0.2 ±: 6.7 mmHg, p = 0.05): triglyceride (&minus:0.2 ±: 0.6 vs. 0.0 ±: 0.5 mmol/L, p = 0.04): low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (&minus:0.2 ±: 0.4 vs. &minus:0.1 ±: 0.4 mmol/L, p = 0.05): total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C: &minus:0.4 ±: 0.4 vs. 0.1 ±: 0.4, p <: 0.001): and a greater increase in HDL-C (0.1 ±: 0.2 vs. &minus:0.1 ±: 0.2 mmol/L, p <: 0.01) than the TLC group. Decreased TC/HDL-C (p = 0.02) at six-month and increased HDL-C and decreased TC/HDL-C (p &le: 0.02) at 12-month post-intervention were maintained in the pulse-based group. A pulse-based diet may be more effective than the TLC diet at improving cardio-metabolic disease risk factors in women with PCOS. Trial registration: CinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01288638.
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