Determination of Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), yellow stem borer life cycle in the laboratory
2023
Mokhtar, A.S. | Zali, N.A.A.
Rice is a crucial dietary item cultivated in more than 100 nations and is a regular meal for over two billion individuals. It serves as a primary source of nutrients for countless people. Over 100 insect pests inflict damage upon rice crops and pose a significant threat. One of the essential internal insect pests causing dead heart and whitehead disease in rice is yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker). This experiment aims to study the Yellow Stem Borer's life cycle by 1) determining the successful rate of each stage, 2) observing its developmental period, and 3) measuring the morphometrics of each stage. The method used in this experiment is sampling male and female moths of YSB to obtain the egg masses. Sampling plot were chosen based on the high infestation rate of dead hearts and whiteheads in Selangor [Malaysia]. The egg masses obtained from the sampling plot were kept in the laboratory for further experiments. The successful rate of the YSB life cycle is low, with egg hatchability percentage was measured low at 30%, egg to larvae is 57%, larvae to pupae is 8.6% and moth emergence is 83.3%, resulting in three female and two male moths. The Yellow stem borer's total period was 62.63 days from the day after egg masses were obtained. The Yellow stem borer's morphometric measurement taken was recorded with egg masses length is 6.28 mm, longest instar is 5th instar with 13.37 mm, female pupae with 10.82 mm, male pupae with 9.78 mm whereas the wingspan of female moth was measured 1.29 mm and male moth is 0.99mm. Through this study, a deeper comprehension of the yellow stem borer life cycle can pave the way for innovative methods to control future pest infestations.
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