Evaluating the impact of source separation on the quality of biodegradable municipal waste (A case study: District 8 of Karaj city, Iran)

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of source separation training for municipal solid waste on the quality of compostable organic waste at District 8 of Karaj Municipality, Iran. This was an experimental study, the tools of which were  sampling and conducting experiments. The research data were collected using cluster sampling. To determine the chemical properties of wet waste, samples were taken from 480 households in 7 neighborhoods of District 8 of Karaj Municipality, followed by laboratory analysis. To measure the quality of compostable organic materials, first, waste from the studied households was received once without providing training and subjected to physical analysis (separation of wet and dry materials). Once again, after providing training, the waste of the studied households was collected separately, wet and dry, from the doorsteps of the homes. From the total wet waste samples taken from each neighborhood, after complete mixing, one sample was taken for chemical  analysis and transported to the laboratory. The measured parameters included total nitrate, organic carbon, electrical conductivity  (EC), pH, calcium, cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and lead. A t-test was used to obtain the difference  between the physical and chemical properties of the wet waste before and after source separation training to households. Data  were analyzed using SPSS27 software. Based on the results, there was a statistically significant difference between the values of EC,  pH, cadmium, and iron at the level of 5%, as well as between the parameters of copper, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus at  the level of 1%, in the pre- and post-training stages. The EC value in the pre-training phase was 9914 μs/cm, which decreased to  7350 μs/cm after training. Calcium levels were 19,674 and 30,898 mg/kg, potassium levels were 24,006 and 18,225 mg/kg,  phosphorus levels were 1987 and 3019 mg/kg, and the iron levels were 1804 and 466 before and after training, respectively. The concentration of magnesium in compostable organic waste increased significantly in the post-training phase compared to the pre-training phase. The findings of this study revealed the effectiveness of source separation of municipal solid waste in maintaining  the amounts of elements present in compostable organic materials at appropriate levels.