Climate change and food security: Exploring adaptation strategies and regional vulnerabilities through a systematic review
2025
Anshida, M | Murugan, P P | Senthilkumar, M | Chandrakumar, M | Vanitha, G | Janaki, R A | Arvind, G
Climate change poses a critical threat to global food security, disrupting agricultural systems and socio-economic resilience. This systematic review synthesizes scholarly research from 2019 to 2024, focusing on the impacts of climate change on food systems, adaptation strategies and regional disparities. The study highlights the vulnerability of developing nations, heavily reliant on rainfed agriculture, to climate-induced challenges like declining crop yields and extreme weather events. Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology guided by PRISMA, 112 articles were selected from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis identified thematic trends, collaboration patterns and emerging research areas. Key themes such as "climate change," "food security," and "adaptive management" dominate the discourse, reflecting the growing emphasis on resilience strategies and sustainable practices. Advanced tools, including spatiotemporal analysis and regression models, are increasingly employed to assess climate impacts, although their adoption in resource-constrained regions remains limited. The findings underscore the importance of adaptation strategies such as crop diversification, climate-resilient crops and integrated water resource management. Regional disparities highlight the need for tailored interventions, with sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia facing the most acute vulnerabilities. Policy frameworks promoting access to credit, technology and education are pivotal for enhancing adaptive capacity. In conclusion, addressing the nexus of climate change and food security requires a multi-dimensional approach, integrating socio-economic analyses, innovative technologies and global collaborations. This review provides insights to inform policy and research, emphasizing the need for sustainable and equitable solutions to safeguard food systems in a changing climate.
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