Chicken manure as closed-loop circular economy product of poultry industry

This study explores the integration of chicken manure management into a circular economy framework, highlighting its potential as a renewable resource for organic fertilizer and bioenergy production. The rapid development of poultry farming in the Baltic region has exacerbated the problem of sustainable manure disposal, which has created a need for innovative, cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions. Through life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis, and a review of existing manure treatment technologies, the research evaluates the environmental impact, nutrient recovery efficiency, and economic feasibility of anaerobic digestion and composting systems. The results show that chicken manure, rich in essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), is effectively converted into high-quality organic fertilizer and renewable biogas. The economic analysis indicates that these technologies become profitable at medium to large farm scales, with a potential net benefit of 285 000 EUR annually for farms processing 5 000 tons of manure, with profitability thresholds identified at around 3 000 laying hens for composting and not less than 10 000 laying hens for biogas production. Furthermore, adopting these technologies contributes to greenhouse gas emission reductions, improved soil quality, and greater energy independence for rural farms. By closing the nutrient and energy loops, this approach aligns with EU sustainability goals and promotes resilient agricultural systems. The findings support the transition toward more circular, low emission farming practices, transforming poultry waste from an environmental liability into a valuable resource.