In Silico Characterization of Molecular Interactions of Aviation-Derived Pollutants with Human Proteins: Implications for Occupational and Public Health

Combustion of aviation jet fuel emits a complex mixture of pollutants linked to adverse health outcomes among airport personnel and nearby communities. While epidemiological studies showed the detrimental effects of aviation-derived air pollutants on human health, the molecular mechanisms of the interactions of these pollutants with cellular biomolecules like proteins that drive the adverse health effects remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed molecular docking simulations of 272 pollutant&ndash:protein complexes using AutoDock Vina 1.2.7 to characterize the binding strength of the pollutants with the selected proteins. We selected 34 aviation-derived pollutants that constitute three chemical categories of pollutants: volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organophosphate esters (OPEs). Each pollutant was docked to eight proteins that play critical roles in endocrine, metabolic, transport, and neurophysiological functions, where functional disruption is implicated in disease. The effect of binding of multiple pollutants was analyzed. Our results indicate that aliphatic and monoaromatic VOCs display low (&lt:6 kcal/mol) binding affinities while PAHs and organophosphate esters exhibit strong (&gt:7 kcal/mol) binding affinities. Furthermore, the binding strength of PAHs exhibits a positive correlation with the increasing number of aromatic rings in the pollutants, ranging from nearly 7 kcal/mol for two aromatic rings to more than 15 kcal/mol for five aromatic rings. Analysis of intermolecular interactions showed that these interactions are predominantly stabilized by hydrophobic, pi-stacking, and hydrogen bonding interactions. Simultaneous docking of multiple pollutants revealed the increased binding strength of the resulting complexes, highlighting the detrimental effect of exposure to pollutant mixtures found in ambient air near airports. We provide a priority list of pollutants that regulatory authorities can use to further develop targeted mitigation strategies to protect the vulnerable personnel and communities near airports.