Efficiency of growing basic seeds of soft winter wheat under various agrotechnological measures

Increasing the level of crops and gross yields of agricultural crops, the main share of which is cereals, in particular winter wheat, which fully uses the natural resource potential of the country's regions, is the main priority for agricultural science. The expansion of the production of grain crops seeds as an effective and environmentally friendly mean of intensifying agricultural production encourages the development of market relations in Ukraine. This is a strategically promising direction for the development of both the agro-industrial complex and the economy as a whole, orienting them to leading positions in the global hierarchy of high-tech countries. Seeds are an important innovative and investment highly competitive product intended for sale in the domestic and world markets. It harmonizes the relationship between producers and consumers through scientific research on seed needs, ensuring that the range and production volumes meet existing needs, constantly improving the variety of structure and technologies, activating entrepreneurship, using marketing, and the latest achievements of economic opinion. The article presents the results of studies on the effect of varieties, mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers on the efficiency of growing basic seeds of soft winter wheat, conducted at the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in 2019–2021 on the influence of the variety, mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers on the efficiency of growing basic seeds of soft winter wheat. It was established that on the low-fertility soils of the Western Forest-Steppe zone the highest profitability (137.1‒144.6 %) of elite seed production was obtained from the introduction of highly productive varieties included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine of the forest-steppe ecological type: MIP Vyshyvanka (originator ‒ Myronov Institute of wheat, named after V. M. Remeslo of the National Academy of Sciences), Kvitka poliv (Bilotserkivska DSDS of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), Spivanka Poliska (National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine") and the optimal system of plant nutrition, including the rate of mineral fertilizers N220P90K160S28 application and plant nutrition with microfertilizers: oracul multicomplex and yaraVita Gramitrel (1.5 l/ha each) in phases ВВСН 13 (three leaves), ВВСН 32–37 (the second node – the last flag leaf). The highest level of profitability in the production of seeds of winter wheat was provided by: varieties of the forest-steppe ecotype – MIP Vyshyvanka (originator ‒ Myronov Institute of wheat, named after V. M. Remeslo of the National Academy of Sciences), Kvitka poliv (Bilotserkivska DSDS of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS of Ukraine), Spivanka Poliska (National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine") ‒ respectively 144.6 %, 137.6 and 137.1 %, the rate of application of mineral fertilizers N220P90K160S28 and the application in the phase ВВСН 29–31 (end of tillering – first node) of microfertilizers ‒ 175.1 % (oracul multicomplex) and 176.0 % ‒ yaraVita Gramitrel.