Methods for Designing Technologies of Organic Crop Production

One of the primary factors contributing to the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment is the intensification of agricultural production; particularly the expansion of enterprises engaged in crop production. One of the approaches to mitigating environmental risks is a partial transition to organic farming. However; the sustainable development of organic production in the Russian Federation requires the establishment of a knowledge-intensive environment that integrates the latest advancements in biological; engineering; and digital sciences to develop innovative methods for designing organic crop production technologies. (Research purpose) To conduct theoretical studies aimed at developing methods for designing machine technologies applicable to organic crop production. (Materials and methods) An analysis of previously developed design methods was conducted to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Based on this analysis; the classical Waterfall model - a sequential design approach - was identified as a rational choice for interpretation. (Results and discussion) At the initial stage of implementing the Waterfall model; a block diagram was developed to outline the general algorithm for designing machine technologies applicable in organic crop production. The first phase of this algorithm involves analyzing soil-climatic and economic conditions. Once these conditions are assessed; production resources; such as seed material; fertilizer system; and plant protection system; are selected based on key criteria; including environmental safety; product quality; potential yield; and financial costs. This algorithm then proceeds to the selection of the most efficient technological operations and machine-tractor units. This selection is guided by an integrated eco- economic criterion; formulated as the sum of three components: total financial costs per unit of work; economic losses due to nutrient depletion in the arable layer; and economic losses resulting from soil compaction during technological operations. The integrated eco-economic criterion must be optimized to minimize its value for each technological operation. (Conclusions) The developed methods of designing technologies for the organic production of crop make it possible to form a digital system of basic technologies and machines; to develop technological maps for organic cultivation under specific soil; climatic and economic conditions.