Adaptability and Sensitivity of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. Isolates to Environmental Factors and Fungicides
2025
Allinny Luzia Alves Cavalcante | Andréia Mitsa Paiva Negreiros | Naama Jéssica de Assis Melo | Fernanda Jéssica Queiroz Santos | Carla Sonale Azevêdo Soares Silva | Pedro Sidarque Lima Pinto | Sabir Khan | Inês Maria Mendes Sales | Rui Sales Júnior
Biological control employs beneficial microorganisms to suppress phytopathogens and mitigate the incidence of associated plant diseases. This study investigated the in vitro development and survival of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. isolates derived from commercial formulations under different temperatures, pH levels, and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations and with synthetic fungicides with distinct modes of action. Three isolates were analyzed: URM-5911 and TRA-0048 (<i>T</i>. <i>asperellum</i>) and TRL-0102 (<i>T</i>. <i>longibrachiatum</i>). The results revealed substantial variability among the isolates, with the optimal mycelial growth temperatures ranging from 24.56 to 29.42 °C. All the isolates exhibited broad tolerance to the tested pH (5–9) and salinity levels (250–1000 mM), with TRL-0102 demonstrating the highest salt resistance. The fungicide treatments negatively affected mycelial growth across all the isolates, with Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole and Boscalid causing growth reductions of up to 50%. Notably, Boscalid enhanced conidial production more compared to the control (126.0% for URM-5911, 13.7% for TRA-0048, and 148.5% for TRL-0102) and decreased the percentage of inactive conidia to less than 10% in all the isolates. These results provide strategic information for the application of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. in agricultural systems, supporting the selection of more adapted and suitable isolates for integrated disease management programs.
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