Exploiting fungal avirulence effector knowledge to improve crop resistance management: the case of rapeseed stem canker
2025
Fudal, Isabelle | BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | ANR-20-CE20-0026,STARlep,Élargir le répertoire des protéines d'avirulence structuralement conservées chez les champignons phytopathogènes pour améliorer la gestion des résistances des plantes(2020) | ANR-23-CE20-0032,ENDURANCE,Pour une durabilité accrue envers les ennemis des cultures(2023)
National audience
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]英语. During infection, pathogens, including fungi, secrete an arsenal of molecules, collectively called effectors, key elements of pathogenesis that modulate innate immunity of the plant and facilitate infection. Effectors have a dual role in microbe-plant interactions, both targeting plant components and being targeted by resistance (R) proteins, and then termed avirulence (AVR) proteins. Leptosphaeria maculans is responsible for one of the most devastating disease of rapeseed (Brassica napus). To control L. maculans, specific resistances are widely used, in combination with a good level of quantitative resistance. However, sources of specific resistance in rapeseed are scarce and studies are aimed at either identifying and introducing resistances from other Brassica species or optimizing the durability of available resistances using alternation or pyramiding strategies for long-term disease control. Twelve L. maculans avirulence genes have been cloned, highlighting characteristics that can be exploited to improve resistance management. In my talk, I will show how the knowledge of L. maculans avirulence genes, their genomic localization, their evolution in field populations, and the belonging of the corresponding proteins to proteic or structural families, allow us to propose : (i) strategies for the deployment of the corresponding resistances, (ii) tools for population survey, and (iii) could allow us, in the longer term, to increase the spectrum of these resistances.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]