The Negative Effects of Using Some Artificial Sweeteners on Some Physiological Parameters in Albino Rats

Background: Artificial sweeteners are widely consumed as sugar substitutes in various food products, as they are promoted for their low-calorie content, which helps manage blood sugar levels and aids in weight control. Methodology: This study examines the adverse effects of artificial sweeteners on specific physiological parameters in albino rats. We used twenty-five male albino rats weighing 180-250 g. The animals were divided into five groups (control, sucrose, stevia, stevia leaves, and saccharin), with five rats in each group. The duration of the experiment lasted 45 days, and the sweeteners were dissolved individually in water. Results: Rats showed a preference for water consumption with sucrose and saccharine, but consumed less with stevia leaves. The blood was collected for serum glucose, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), blood urea, serum creatinine, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement. Results showed a significant increase in glucose levels (mg/dL) at 176±17%, 119±10%, and 132±13%, respectively. Urea mg/dL(33±3%, 28±2 % and 31±1%) s. creatinine mg/dL(0.8±0.2%, 0.5±0.1% and 0.9±0.1%), GPT U/L (45±4%, 33±3 % and 41±3%) GOT U/L (128 ±11 %, 70±9 % and 129 ±12 %) cholesterol mg/dL(196 ±20 %, 162 ±12 % and 209 ±18 %) triglyceride mg/dL(178 ±17 %, 119 ±11 % and 187 ±16 %), HDL mg/dL(25 ±2 , 46 ±5 % and 36 ±3 %) and VLDL mg/dL(35 ±3 %, 23 ± 2 % and 22 ±1 %) of (sucrose, stevia and saccharin) groups when we compared them with the control group. It was found that dietary supplementation with stevia leaves didn’t affect blood glucose107 ±15 %, b.urea 24 ±5%, s.creatnine 0.4 ±0.04%, GOT 64±6 %, cholesterol 153 ±15 %, triglyceride117 ± 2% , HDL46±5 and VLDL 37±3 %. Except for GPT, there was a significantly elevated 33±3 % when we compared with the control group. Also, there were no significant changes in alkaline phosphatase levels in all five groups. As for CRP, there was no significant difference between the five groups; all groups were negative .Conclusion: It can be concluded that sweeteners must be used carefully because they have potential side effects due to their action on the Liver, kidneys, and lipid profile, as they cause significant changes in blood biochemical tests. It’s vital to create high consciousness for consumers regarding its effects, especially for children.