Effects of Aging in Wood Casks on Anthocyanins Compositions, Volatile Compounds, Colorimetric Properties, and Sensory Profile of <i>Jerez</i> Vinegars
2024
Reyhan Selin Uysal
The <i>Jerez (Sherry)</i> vinegars, including <i>Vinagre de Jerez</i>, <i>Reserva,</i> and <i>Gran Reserva</i>, are crafted from <i>Sherry</i> wines and are protected under the Denomination of Origin in Spain. The aim of this study was to (i) characterize the physicochemical properties and composition; (ii) investigate the impact of the aging process on color properties, phenolics, volatile compounds, and sensorial profiles; and (iii) find a marker for tracing the authenticity of non-aged (<i>Apto</i>) and aged <i>Jerez</i> vinegars. The phenolic components were identified through LC-MS/MS, whereas the volatile compounds were examined using the GC-MS/MS technique. As the aging progressed, a decrease was observed in the levels of flavonol and phenolic acids, with anthocyanin components being undetectable in non-aged and aged samples. In the <i>Gran Reserva</i> variety, 2-methylbutyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanol emerged as the predominant volatile substances. The presence of oaklactone and ethyl butanoate components served as marker substances to authenticate the <i>Gran Reserva</i>. Additionally, alterations in color properties were noted, marked by a decrease in yellow content and an increase in the red component depending on aging. Furthermore, novel sensory descriptors, such as vanilla, clove, woody, and nutty notes, and winy character emerged in the samples with prolonged aging.
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