Evaluation of the effectiveness of saponin biosurfactants in enhancing aqueous-plus-micellar phase solubility of naphthalene oily discharge component
2025
Ziri, Fatima | Mimanne, Goussem | Benghalem, Abderrezak | Belbali, Abdelhak
The micellar solubilization of naphthalene by the natural non-ionic surfactant saponin, obtained from Sapindus mukorossi, was assessed based on its micellar properties. The isolation and purification of saponin were conducted using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. Saponin was quantitatively extracted (recovery >96%) from the pericarps of Sapindus using deionized water as the solvent, with an irradiation power of 231 W for 6 minutes and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of saponin, determined by both surface tension and UV absorption methods, was 0.011 wt.%. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was observed to diminish with elevated salt concentration and temperature, while it increased with rising pH levels. Furthermore, the weight solubilization ratio (WSR) diminished by 70% as pH levels rose from 2.0 to 12, while it increased nearly threefold with escalating NaCl concentrations from 0.04 to 0.40M and temperatures from 25 to 50?C. Comparison of the surfactant potential of saponin with that of the synthetic surfactant tween 80 revealed that saponin solubilized significantly more naphthalene than tween 80 over the entire concentration range. The WSR ratio of saponin was approximately double that of tween 80. Additionally, the solubilities of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were quantified in non-ionic saponin surfactant solutions; the degree of solubilization follows the sequence naphthalene > phenanthrene > pyrene; the reactivity being significantly greater for the two-ring hydrocarbon. The elevated values of WSR and partition coefficient (Ln Km) demonstrated the application of biosurfactant saponin in the oily discharge.
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