Influences of Global Warming on Yield Structure and Quality of Winter Wheat Xumai 33

To study the impact of global warming on the yield and quality of winter wheat, field scientific experiments are carried out at Xuzhou Agro-meteorological Station of Jiangsu from 2017 to 2022. There are four sowing dates each year with different temperature during the growing season of winter wheat, while the winter wheat variety, soil physical and chemical properties, and agriculture measures are all the same. Therefore, the yield structure and quality of winter wheat are mainly influenced by climate change. It shows that the average temperature increases 0.1℃ to 1.7℃ during the growing season of winter wheat at different sowing dates during 5-year field experiments. The increasing temperature has an impact on the yield structure, and there is a significant negative influence on the number of grains per ear of winter wheat, with a correlation coefficient of -0.49 (P<0.05). The number of grains per ear of winter wheat decreases by 14.7% for 1℃ increase, resulting in a reduction in yield. The increasing temperature also has a negative impact on grain quality, the correlation coefficient between temperature and grain protein content reaches -0.72 (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient with fat content is -0.52 (P<0.05). In addition, the increasing temperature has a negative impact on 14 of 16 amino acids, especially on the content of aspartic acid and arginine. Overall, climate change could decrease the number of grains per ear of winter wheat, and decrease significantly in protein and fat content in grains. The main cause is that the minimum temperature at night increases due to global warming, strengthening the respiration of winter wheat, which is not conducive to its assimilation and organic matter accumulation. At the same time, climate warming leads to an increase in high-temperature damage during the flowering to maturity period of winter wheat, affecting its physiological and biochemical processes, especially limiting the absorption and synthesis of nutrients of winter wheat.