In Vitro and In Vivo Immuno-Stimulating Activities of Deer Antler Extract Fermented by Cordyceps militaris
2024
Shin, K.S.
This study was conducted to elucidate the immuno-stimulating activities of deer antler (Cervi Parvum Cornu) extract fermented by Cordyceps militaris. Fermented antler extract (FAE) had relatively high content of total sugar (29.79%), uronic acid (5.56%), sulfated glycosaminoglycan (2.21%), and sialic acid (0.40%) compared to the non-fermented extract. FAE prepared with C. militaris showed strong anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, in the absence of Ca ions, it was confirmed from the results of cross-linked immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 and the results of an anti-complement activity experiment, that the activation of the complement system by FAE occurs through both the classical and alternative pathways. FAE augmented the production of various cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α by peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, the intravenous administration of FAE enhanced natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma. Further, the oral administration of FAE not only induced an increase in the level of cytokines in the serum but also significantly improved NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. From the above results, it was confirmed that FAE can strongly stimulate the innate immune system. Therefore, it is believed that FAE has great potential to be developed as a functional ingredient beneficial to human health.
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