Yaltinskiy onion is one of the symbols of the Crimea, the very name of which is tied to the famous resort, which emphasizes belonging to the Crimean Peninsula. Salad sweet onion is in constant demand among the guests of the peninsula and locals. Its price is several times higher than the price of other onion varieties. Unfortunately, under the guise of Yaltinskiy sortotype, products that are much inferior to it according to taste peculiarities are often sold. In this regard, creation of new cultivar of sweet salad onion, exceeding palatability of the existing cultivar Yaltinskiy Rubin is an urgent task, having an undeniable economic direction. The source material was collected at various zones of the Crimean Peninsula. During the research, hybridization and selection in hybrid progeny were carried out. The plants were analyzed using various methods of evaluation. Much attention was paid to biochemical analysis. The palatability traits are important for the onion cultivars of salad direction. The best indicators for sugars and vitamin C were identified in salad onion of a new cultivar Yaltinskiy plus. Reducing the content of essential oil has improved the taste and its consumer properties. Useful properties were also supplemented by the fact that the presence of selenium antioxidant 68 μg/kg and anthocyanins of 1.66 mg/100 g in salad onions was established, which is 1.5 and 2.3 times higher than the standard sample showed. The content of quercetin and other polyphenols was also noted. The cultivar is characterized by high agronomic stability (90%), product quality (88%), and productivity (49 tons per ha).

The excretion and inculcation of stamped varieties of tomato and hybrids into production are of particular value in conditions of dry subtropics. In this regard, during 2013-2015 in the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potatoes, a collection of tomato strains was studied for biological and economic precocity, maturity, etc. For the duration of the «young growthflowering» period, the best were No.86, Yamal, GemState, and Sever. Blooming on the first brush, they come in 8-13 days before the standard variety. The Argo, Chelnyok, Ion-N, Alpatyeva 905а, L-923-92 samples with a duration of 38-40 days have a short period of «flowering-ripening». Maturation of the first fruit (fetus) occurs 1-3 days earlier than the standard. By weight of the fetus, the samples studied can be divided into two groups: medium fruit (61-93 g) – L-923-92, Argo; small fruit (28-58 g) – GemState, Ion-N, Sever, Nevsky, etc., only 10 samples. The total yield varies from 16.4 to 55.5 t/ha, depending on the variety. Samples No.86 and Chelnok are 7.7 and 12.3% higher than the standard for the general harvest. The lowest overall yield is GemState, Ion-N, Sever, Nevsky, Yamal, Argo, L-923-2, with a yield of 16.4-34.1 t/ha, which is 33.2- 69.0% of the standard. The only sample No.86 for the early harvest is 32% higher than the standard. As a result of the study and a comprehensive assessment of tomato stamping varieties, the biologically early ripened ones are Sever, Nevsky, Ion-N, Otradny, GemState, the sprouting-maturing period of which is 95-99 days; economically early ripened – No.86; amity of ripening of samples – Yamal, Sever, Ion-N, Nevsky, Stamped Alpatyeva 905a, GemState, with maturity ripeness from 69 to 90%. They are a valuable source material for selection of stamped, early-ripening, amity of ripening varieties of tomato for dry subtropics conditions of Uzbekistan.

A methodology for analyzing the agricultural market has been proposed. The concept of the market model from the standpoint of the dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand is described, a technique based on variational deviations of trends is proposed. Approbation shows the practical usefulness of the results obtained in the analysis and management of the cabbage market. The interrelation between the gross volume and the price of cabbage is established, the gradient and nature of market equilibrium are revealed, and the perspective of the cabbage market in the Russian Federation is described. The proposed analysis methodology considers market modeling as a dynamic equilibrium mechanism of supply and demand, it is a method based on variational deviations of trends. Approbation confirms the practical utility of the results for analyzing and managing the cabbage market. In the course of testing, it was established that the amplitude of price fluctuations with the current increase in gross production characterizes the cabbage market as developing; the market offer of each thousand tons of cabbage can change the price by 0.1416 c.u./t; the cabbage market maximum is at the level of 258 c.u./t at gross harvest of 3,138 thousand tons of cabbage. For the modern stage of development of the cabbage market with increasing production volumes, a decrease in prices is typical. It is shown that there are market relations between gross volume and price of cabbage, market characteristics and equilibrium gradient, which determine the prospects of the Russian cabbage market. The description of the methodology and the presentation of the results of testing the methods of modeling the market perspectives allow us to make optimistic conclusions about the expansion of the scope of application of theoretical economics for practical activities. In this regard, the proposed methodology for analyzing the market (concept, methodology) may be of interest to practicing economists. Despite the simplicity and accessibility of the described methodology, there are a number of issues related to the error of statistical data and unaccounted factors that require further research. Despite the simplicity and accessibility of the described methodology, there are a number of issues related to statistical errors and unaccounted factors that require further research.

Supply of the domestic fresh vegetables commodity to the population of Northern regions of Russia is one of the most priority tasks of the national economy. Lack of the local, high-quality and adopted breeding material is highly problematic for breeding programs. Generation of the new, highly productive vegetable cultivars for the glass-covered ground, including light culture, will promote to expand significantly the volume of local production of vegetables in protected ground, especially in regions with a cold climate. One of the most prospective crops for protected ground is small radish, an early ripening crop with a valuable biochemical composition. А strategy for creation of the new, highly productive forms of small radish, beard predictable complex of economically valuable characters for growing in conditions of intensive light culture, has been developed in the Agrophysical Research Institute (SaintPetersburg). At the first stage, represent interspecific set of 26 small radish cultivars from different regions, was investigated in controlled conditions (artificial light, climate cell) to reveal a complex of economically valuable properties (early maturity, productivity, morphological traits). The plants were grown in original plant grooving light equipment (lamps DNaZ-400, photoperiod 12 hours, irradiation 15-20 klk), in a small volume of substrate (peat with mineral additives). It was observed that the small radish varieties have significant diversity in precocity, productivity, resistance to bolting, also they vary in a number of morphological features of roots and leaves. Bov, Estella, Rocco (Netherlands), Nobo Chind Criollo (Peru) were the most productive cultivars. They can produce yield of commercial roots during 30 days of vegetation up to 3.5 kg/m2. In addition, cultivars – genetic resources of economically valuable properties (compact rosette, glabrous leaf, resistance to bolting) were revealed for a breeding. Parent pairs for crossing were selected. It is planned to obtain offspring small radish forms with a complex of economically valuable properties, more productive than the parents. In all matched hybrid combinations, F1 hybrids were obtained. They have a degree of hybrid superiority in roots weight from 110 to 230% over the best of the parent form. They will become the ancestors of the original forms of small radish, intended for cultivation in conditions of intense light culture.

Evaluation of biochemical characteristics of 8 perennial Allium species is achieved (A. ramosum, A. caeruleum, A. erubescens, A. obliquum, A. moly, A. aflatunense, A. oreophilum and A.ursinum). High nutritional significance of separate decorative species is demonstrated. A. caeruleum is shown to be a leader in the accumulation of ascorbic acid (more than 9000 mg/100 g d.w.) and polyphenols (more than 8000 mg GAE/kg d.v.). Detected ascorbic acid concentration range for 8 studies Allium species was 568 (A. ramosum) – 9980 (A. caerulum) mg/100 g d.w.; polyphenols 1392 (A. obliquum) – 8582 (A. caerulum) mg GAE/kg d.w.; water-soluble compounds 28 (A. aflatunense, A. obliguum) – 69 (A. ramosum) mg/kg d.w.; chlorophyll 0.54 (A.oreophilum) – 1.69 (A. ursinum) mg/100 g d.w.; carotene 0.07 (A. oreophilum) – 0.25 (A.ursinum) mg/100 g d.w.; selenium 72 (A. ursinum) – 245 μg/kg d.w., (A. ramosum). Adequate consumption level of vitamin C may be provides by 6.2 g of A.caerulum leaves. Antioxidant activity of Allium species alcoholic extracts composed a range from 1.5 (A. obliquum) to 6.4 (A. ursinum) mg GAE/g d.w. A. ramosum and A. oreophilum demonstrated the highest content of total soluble solids. The highest content of photosynthetic pigments happened to be typical for A. ursinum. The ratio between antioxidant activity of alcoholic and water extracts of Allium leaves was in the range between 0.89 and 2.21 depending on plant species: the highest value was registered in leaves of A. ursinum, the lowest – in leaves of A. ramosum. In a whole the highest content of antioxidants was demonstrated for leaves of A. caerulum. The highest levels of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts were indicated in leaves of A. ursinum.

One of the most important crops among all types of Alliums is onion, the value of which is determined by the nutritional and medicinal properties. It is used not only as a seasoning for food, but also as a source of a number of biologically active substances. The biochemical composition of the bulbs and its green leaves in different periods of growth and development varies, depending on the variety, environmental conditions and agrotechnical methods of cultivation. Creation on the basis of interspecies hybridization of fundamentally new forms of Allium plants with a unique combination of genetic material allows to expand the possibility of selection of valuable genotypes in practical terms. The study was performed on plants of the inbred progenies I4-5 from BC1-2 bulbous forms of interspecific hybrids of Allium crossing combinations F5(A. cepa xA. vavilovii), F5(A. cepa x A. fistulosum). The biometric assessment was carried out after harvesting and drying the bulbs according to the "test Procedure for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability" according to the main breeding characteristics: the color of the dry cover scales of the bulb, the mass of the bulb, the shape of the bulb. As the standard used plant varieties Odintsovets. The biochemical composition of onion samples was determined by the content of dry matter, monosaccharides, the amount of sugars, ascorbic acid, antioxidants. Based on the biometric assessment of the forms of interspecific hybrids of onions, 5 forms were identified according to the uniformity of such features as the color of dry cover scales and the shape of the bulb weighing 50-60 g, which are a qualitatively new source material for breeding. In determining the biochemical composition of the isolated forms of interspecific hybrids of Alliums on the main breeding grounds found that the plants of these forms of onions indicators of dry matter (15%), monosaccharides (1.15-1.71%), the amount of sugars (11.17%), were at the level of the standard, or exceeded it, but the total content of antioxidants (8.22 mg/g) inferior to the standard.

Along with heat treatment, Smoking and drying in the sun, one of the oldest ways to preserve food is fermentation (fermentation). Fermented foods appeared long before people learned about the existence of microorganisms, and entered the traditional diet of almost all cultures. Currently, the production of salted, fermented and wetted products is an important segment of the food industry. The rate of reproduction of microorganisms in foods is affected by several factors including properties of the products (nutrient content, pH value, oxidation-reduction (redox) potential, water activity, etc.) and external factors, including storage conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity. Preservation of food products is usually based on the destruction of microorganisms or control of their reproduction and the overall composition of the microbiota. Reducing the rate or preventing microbiological spoilage of food is based on four main principles: minimization of product contamination by microorganisms; suppression of growth and reproduction of micro-organisms-contaminants; destruction of micro-organisms-contaminants; removal of micro-organisms-contaminants. Fermentation is based on a combination of the first three principles and is achieved by creating conditions for the growth of specific microorganisms that can give food the desired taste, aroma, texture and appearance. This review is devoted to the scientific aspects of vegetable fermentation, including the use of bacterial starter cultures. The characteristics of lactic acid microorganisms are given, the basic principles and advantages of the process of fermentation of vegetables and the biochemical processes taking place at the same time are given and described, the advantages of the use of bacterial starter cultures (strains of lactic acid microorganisms) for the purpose of improving the quality of the finished product are described.

Growing heterotic hybrids of cucumber on large areas is possible only if the production of their seeds does not require large additional labor costs in comparison with conventional varieties. Cleaning of maternal forms by flowering type – removal of plants of intermediate type of flowering and single male flowers on plants of predominantly female type requires considerable labor costs. Significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of hybrid seed production using maternal forms of female type that do not have male flowers. It is very important to create maternal forms with a consistently high female expression that do not respond to changing environmental conditions. This will allow hybrid seed production of cucumber not only in protected, but also in the open ground, which will significantly reduce the cost of production of seeds. The objective was to assess the maternal forms of the cucumber hybrids F1 Krepish (L-100), F1 Brunet (L-105), F1 Frant (L-290), F1 Krasotka (L-25) according to the female expression in the conditions of spring film greenhouses and open ground near Moscow. The open ground served as a provocative background for identifying the most stable in terms of the severity of the female sex lines. It was determined that the bee-polluted hybrids of the cucumber F1 Krepish and F1 Brunet are most suitable for conducting hybrid seed production in the open field, since their maternal forms need to be cleaned according to the blooming type less than others.

Garlic is exclusively vegetatively propagated plant which damaged by numerous virus, bacterial, fungus and other phytopathogens. Under propagation of damaged plants phytopathogens are transferred to progeny that leads to decrease in productivity, loss of quality, storability and frequently to degeneration of cultivars. In this regard improvement of landing material is obligate stage of the modern technologies of garlic production. Experimentally reasonable technology of the obtaining revitalized landing material of winter garlic based on in vitro cultivation of air bulbils on MS medium containing BA in concentration of 2 mg/l and NAA – 1 mg/l, which followed by formation of sprouts and then plants with bulbs is presented in the article. It is established that application of graduated sterilization of air bulbils isolated from not revealed inflorescences with diameter up to 25 mm for introduction in vitro culture allows to obtain plants free of internal infections. One of important factors influencing effectiveness of induction of morphogenesis is the plant genotype. Cultivar Emperor was characterized by high morphogenetic potential in vitro culture which significantly surpassed cultivar Gladiator at all stages of cultivation. The share of vital explants of Emperor cultivar consisted of 74,2%, and Gladiator cultivar – 56,3%. The morphogenesis of air bulbils in vitro conditions depends on their age. The share of vital micro bulbs with leaves formed under cultivation of air bulbils within 21 days isolated on 7th day after of exit of inflorescences from leaf sockets in depending on cultivar consisted of 65,0% and 76,4%. Cultivation of air bulbils of more old age is followed by their 100% growth with formation of leaves and microbulbs. Adaptation of such plants to ex vitro conditions is followed by obtaining monoclove bulbs cultivation of which in the open ground conditions leaded to formation of polyclove bulbs.Cultivation of plants in vitro on the medium containing sucrose in concentration of 10% gives the chance to keep viability material within 5-6 months.

The processes of fermentation, accompanied by the growth and development of several species of microorganisms, are often accompanied by a change of some species of microorganisms for anothers , such a complex "behavior" of microorganisms during fermentation needs to be be deeply researched. The previously used approaches of evaluation of the type of interaction of particulate monocultures in consortiums make it possible to obtain only qualitative results (synergistic, antagonistic, additive interaction) generally, without taking into the consideration the change of this interaction during the cultivation. The purpose of the research was the development of a new approach of the quantitative determination of the parameter of the interaction of microorganisms of one species with another species expressed as a continuous function determined throughout the all fermentation period. In the process of the work a two-component consortium of lactic acid microorganisms Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum was selected, cultivated in two different model media as part of a study of directed fermentation of vegetable products. The work the cultivation of monocultures (included in the studied consortium) was also carried out. The performed work the original approach was developed, the approach is based on a comparison of the growth rate of the microorganisms biomass of the consortium with the calculated additive dynamics. This approach is convenient to use to identify a complex regularity of changes of the types of interaction of microorganisms in the consortium in the form of a continuous function determined during the entire cultivation period. From the point of view of the synergies of the species of microorganisms entering the studied consortium in the active phase of fermentation, the "Slava" variety turned to be more profitable than the "Parus".