Agrotechnics of tomato seeds reproducing of VIR germplasm collection are described in Moscow region.

Standard is the main normative document regulating the important traits of seeds (germination ability, humidity, purity, regime of storage). This regulatory document provides the technological and economical basis for vegetable production and others features of agriculture.

As a result of state variety trial in Belorussia the new varieties of winter garlic «elovezhskyi», «Soyuz», and «Yunior» were estimated, selected and included in the State register of new crops and varieties.

The effect of temperature during seeds germination of some species of Umbelliferae vegetable crops has been studied. There is a different reaction of vegetable crops on the temperature factor: depending on crops and temperature, the number of days until the maximum rate of growth can varied from 7,6 to 22,8 days, and percentage of germinated seeds can varied from 7% to 88%. The effect of temperature on growth of seeds embryo has been studied in different crops. The «degree of underdevelopment of embryo» (DUE) characterized the morphological and anatomical features of embryo varied from 13 to 52%. The temperature coefficient (Q10) for the rate of germination of seeds of vegetable crops of Umbelliferae was 1,23 - 1,82.

We made an analysis of the status and development of tomato production in Bulgaria after its transition to a market economy and accession to the European Union. The problems encountered in the single market are shown. A brief description of the development of tomato breeding is given. The advantages and disadvantages of foreign and Bulgarian tomato varieties, directions of research with an emphasis on flavor and antioxidant properties of fruits are shown. The basic ways of overcoming the crisis and the need to protect the interests and positions of the country in the development of EU Common Agricultural Policy in 2014 - 2020 are described.

The significance of world germplasm collection of vegetable crops and their wild relatives developed by Vavilov N.I. for scientific and breeding purposes are undertaken in the article.

The main directions of basic and applied researches in plant breeding and seed production of vegetable crops are presented up to 2020. The ways of improvement of organizational effectiveness are proposed.

Based on the results of molecular-genetic analysis of pepper accessions of VNIISSOK's breeding, the parental lines were selected. The diallel crossing among them has been conducted. The F1 hybrids were developed. The hybrids vigor (heterosis) for main agronomic traits was estimated. The best pepper hybrids were selected. The potential correlation between genetic divergence determined by molecular markers and heterosis effect is speculated.

Potatoes are high-plastic plants that can be grown in almost all climates. In the Lower Volga, in the conditions of strong spring drought, high temperatures and soil throughout the growing season, lack of rainfall, potatoes can be grown only for irrigation. To obtain high and stable yields in these difficult conditions it is necessary to research varieties and its adaptation.

May 22-23, 2012 in the National University of bio resources and nature study of Ukraine, Kiev, there was the International Scientific and Practical Conference «Genetic basis of plant breeding, seed production and biotechnology: science, education, and practice», dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the outstanding scientist , breeder, honored worker of high education, agricultural PhD, Professor Mihail Alekseevich Zelensky.