Relevance. Dill is a popular food and medicinal crop (Anethum graveolens L.) of the Celery family (Apiaceae). Seeds of dill are included in the 14th edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. However, this crop is characterized by a relatively low yield, which reduces the efficiency of its production. The use of environmentally friendly growth-regulating compounds can significantly increase the yield and improve its quality. As a growth-regulating, foliar treatment with a solution of the amino acid glycine was tested. The amino acid glycine is environmentally friendly and does not pose a danger to humans and animals. The aim of the work was to increase the productivity of garden dill using foliar treatments with glycine amino acid.Materials and methods. Dill varieties Gribovsky and Symphony were chosen as objects to study the effect of the foliar treatments with glycine. Sowing of seeds was carried out at an early date, which for the conditions of the Lipetsk region corresponds to the first decade of April, with a SZT-3.6 seeder with 15 cm row spacing. The seeding rate was 15 kg/ha, the seeding depth was 1-2 cm. were Treatment with glycine solution was achieved in plants rosette phase. The concentration of glycine was 25, 50 and 100 mg / l. The control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The crop was cut during the period of brown seeds on the central umbrella. The content of essential oil was determined by the 14th edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (method 1). The content of the main components was determined by gas chromatography.Results. As a result of the research, a positive effect of foliar treatments with glycine on both yield and the content of essential oil in the raw material of dill varieties Gribovsky and Symphony was revealed. As a result of treatments, regardless of concentration, the seeds yield and the yield of essential oil per unit area increased. The increase in the mass of 1000 pieces of fruits was not unambiguous. Based on the results obtained, the effective concentration of amino acid glycine is determined not only by the characteristics of the variety, but also by weather conditions, when, depending on the conditions during the processing period and prior to harvesting, different aspects of the drug's action appear. According to the results of observations for 2 years and an assessment by the sum of the indicators, the optimal concentration of glycine in most cases was 100 mg / l, at the same time, for the Symphony variety for two years, two-foliar treatment with low concentrations of glycine (10 mg / l rosette + 10 mg / l budding).

Укроп огородный (Anethum graveolens L.) является востребованной пищевой и лекарственной культурой , но его урожайность относительно низкая Применение экологически безопасных рострегулирующих соединений позволяет существенно повысить урожай и улучшить его качество. Испытана эффективность некорневой обработки безопасным для человека и окружающей среды раствором аминокислоты глицин. Действие препарата изучали на сортах укропа огородного Грибовский и Симфония, которые возделывают на семена и зелень соответственно. Опыты проводили в Липецкой обл. в 2019 и 2020 гг. Посев проводили в ранние сроки (1-я декада апреля), сеялкой СЗТ-3,6 с междурядьями 15 см. Норма высева составляла 15 кг/га, глубина заделки семян – 1-2 см. Обработку растений раствором глицина в концентрациях 25, 50 и 100 мг/л проводили в фазе розетки. Контрольные посевы опрыскивали дистиллированной водой. Срезку проводили в период побурения семян на центральном зонтике. Содержание эфирного масла определяли методом гидродщистиляции, компонентный состав - методом газовой хроматографии. Выявлено положительное влияние внекорневых обработок глицином как на урожайность (достигавшую 11-15 ц/га у сорта Грибовский и 8-10 ц/га у сорта Симфония), так и на содержание эфирного масла в сырье (4-5% при минимальном требовании фармакопейной статьи 2%). В результате обработок независимо от концентрации повышалась урожайность и выход эфирного масла с единицы площади. Увеличение массы 1000 штук плодов было не однозначным. Исходя из полученных результатов, эффективная концентрация препарата определяется не только особенностями сорта, но и погодными условиями. По результатам наблюдений в течение 2 лет и оценке результата по сумме показателей оптимальная концентрация глицина для сорта Грибовский составила 100 мг/л, а для сорта Симфония в более эффективной была двукратная обработка раствором глицина с низкими концентрациями (10 мг/л в фазу розетки + 10 мг/л в фазу бутонизации). | Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is a popular food and medicinal crop, but its yield is relatively low. The use of environmentally friendly growth-regulating compounds can significantly increase the yield and improve its quality. The efficiency of foliar treatment a human and environmentally friendly amino acid glycine solution was tested. The effect of the preparation was studied on dill varieties 'Gribovsky' and 'Symphony', which are cultivated for seeds and greens, respectively. The experiments were carried out in the Lipetsk region in 2019 and 2020. Sowing was carried out at an early date (the 1st decade of April), with a SZT-3.6 seeder with 15 cm row spacing. The seeding rate was 15 kg/ha, the seeding depth was 1-2 cm. Treatment with glycine solution in concentrations of 25, 50 и 100 mg/l was carried out in the rosette phase. The control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The crop was cut during the period of brown seeds on the central umbrella. The content of essential oil was determined by hydrodistillation. The content of the main components was determined by gas chromatography. A positive effect of foliar treatments with glycine on both yield (achieved 11-15 dt/ha in the variety 'Gribovsky' and 8-10 dt/ha in the variety 'Symphony') and the content of essential oil in the raw material (4-5% wity minimal requirement of pharmacopoeial item of 2%) was revealed. As a result of treatments, regardless of concentration, the seeds yield and the yield of essential oil per unit area increased. The increase in the mass of 1000 pieces of fruits was not unambiguous. Based on the results obtained, the effective concentration of amino acid glycine is determined not only by the characteristics of the variety, but also by weather conditions. According to the results of observations for 2 years and an assessment by the sum of the indicators the optimal concentration of glycine was 100 mg/l for the Gribovsky variety, two-foliar treatment with a glycine solution with low concentrations (10 mg/l in the rosette phase + 10 mg/l in the budding phase) was more effective for the Symphony variety.

Relevance. Lettuce (Latin: Lactúca satíva) is a species of annual herbaceous plant in the genus Lettuce of the Asteraceae family. As a vegetable crop, it is cultivated everywhere in the world, and its hydroponic cultivation technology has received special development in recent years. One of the common pathogens of lettuce is Pseudomonas cichorii, causing bacterial diseases of several important cultivated plants. In this regard, the study of the occurrence of this pathogen is important.Material and methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Agrobiotechnology of the ATI of RUDN University. The samples were provided by a commercial manufacturer of lettuce grown on a flow-through hydroponic line under conditions of minimal microbial contamination. The study of phytopathogenic bacteria includes a number of stages: isolation of bacteria on semi-selective culture media and obtaining a pure culture of bacteria; setting a test for pathogenicity (virulence); studying the phenotypic properties of bacteria; determining the taxonomic position of the isolated strains by molecular methods. All studies were conducted in accordance with the standard methods of identification of phytopathogenic bacteria.Results. As a result of the work, the distribution of the species Pseudomonas cichorii in the hydroponic culture of lettuce in the Russian Federation was confirmed. Although, according to the EPPO database, P. cichorii was first described in Russia in 1965 by microbiological methods, but isolated bacteria are not available in microbiological collections to confirm this conclusion with appropriate diagnostic methods. Twelve isolates of P. cichoriiwere studied by a biochemical and phytopathological tests, and four isolates (01, 04, 06, and 12) that showed the greatest aggressiveness on host plants and tobacco leaves were identified by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. The obtained DNA fragments showed a high similarity (99-100%) with the sequences of P. cichoriifrom the Genebank. Evaluation of the virulence of the isolated isolates on a number of other cultivated plants, and the uniformity of their biochemical characteristics showed that they represent a group of bacteria specialized in lettuce.

Салат посевной, латук посевной или салат латук (Lactuca sativa L.) – вид однолетних травянистых растений рода Латук семейства Астровые (Asteraceae), широко культивируемый повсеместно, в т.ч. в защищенном грунте по гидропонной технологии. Одним из распространенных патогенов салата является Pseudomonas cichorii – возбудитель бактериозов ряда культурных растений. Образцы были предоставлены коммерческой компанией – производителем салата, выращиваемого на проточной гидропонной линии в условиях минимального заражения микроорганизмами. Изучение фитопатогенных бактерий включало ряд этапов: выделение бактерий на полу-селективные питательные среды и получение чистой культуры бактерий; постановка теста на патогенность (вирулентность); изучение фенотипических свойств бактерий; определение таксономического положения выделенных штаммов молекулярными методами. Все исследования проводили в соответствии со стандартными методиками идентификации фитопатогенных бактерий. В результате получено подтверждение распространения вида Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 в гидропонной культуре салата в РФ. По данным Европейско-средиземноморской организации по защите растений, P. cichorii был впервые описан в России в 1965 г. на основании микробиологических методов идентификации, однако выделенные изоляты сейчас не доступны в коллекциях для подтверждения этого вывода современными диагностическими методами. Двенадцать изолятов P. cichorii были изучены по комплексу биохимических признаков и 4 изолята (01, 04, 06 и 12), показавшие наибольшую агрессивность при проведении инокуляции растений-хозяев и табака, были использованы для секвенирования ДНК фрагмента гена 16S рРНК. Полученные фрагменты ДНК показали высокое сходство (99-100%) с последовательностями P. cichorii из Генбанка. Оценка вирулентности выделенных изолятов на ряде культурных растений, и однородность их биохимических признаков показали, что они представляют группу бактерий, специализированных на салате. | Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous species of the genus Lettuce, Asteraceae family. As a vegetable crop, it is cultivated everywhere, including hydroponically. One of the common pathogens of lettuce is Pseudomonas cichorii, causing bacterial diseases of several other crops. The samples for the research were provided by a commercial manufacturer of lettuce grown on a flow-through hydroponic line under conditions of minimal microbial contamination. The study of phytopathogenic bacteria includes a number of stages, namely isolation of bacteria on semi-selective culture media and obtaining a pure culture of bacteria; setting a test for pathogenicity (virulence); studying the phenotypic properties of bacteria; determining the taxonomic position of the isolated strains by molecular methods. All studies were conducted in accordance with the standard methods of identification of phytopathogenic bacteria. As a result of the work, the distribution of the species Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 in the hydroponic lettuce culture in the Russian Federation was confirmed. Although, according to the EPPO database, P. cichorii was first described in Russia in 1965 by microbiological methods, isolated bacteria are currently not available in microbiological collections to confirm this conclusion with appropriate diagnostic methods. Twelve isolates of P. cichoriiwere studied by a biochemical and phytopathological tests, and four isolates (01, 04, 06, and 12) that showed the greatest aggressiveness on host plants and tobacco leaves were identified by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. The obtained DNA fragments showed a high similarity (99-100%) with the sequences of P. cichoriifrom the Genebank. Evaluation of the virulence of the isolated isolates on a number of other cultivated plants, and the uniformity of their biochemical characteristics showed that they represent the lettuce specialized bacteria group.

Relevance. Among the main factors that determine the productivity of vegetable yields in protected ground, the main one is light. For the formation of 1 kg/m2 of cucumber fruits with a length of 18-22 cm, on average about 3500-4000 J/cm2 of solar radiation is required. In the winter-spring cycle, in the absence of artificial lighting in greenhouses, there is an unevenness of scattered solar radiation and a general shortage of incoming light energy. At the same time, the amount of total solar radiation required for the formation of a 1 kg of fruit ("lighting price") is not the same for different hybrids. To increase the profitability of production in the winter-spring turnover in greenhouses that are not equipped with artificial lighting, it is necessary to choose hybrids with the lowest "lighting price" of the crop, that is, hybrids that use less light energy to form a 1 kg of fruit.The purpose of the study: evaluation of F1 hybrids of cucumber on the basis of resistance to lack of lighting by comparing their "lighting price" of the crop: how much energy is spent on the formation of 1 kg of marketable products.Methods. The research was carried out at the variety testing site in the Crimean breeding Center of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Selection "Gavrish", in the conditions of winter-spring turnover, in greenhouses not equipped with artificial lighting. We tested seven medium-fruited (18-22 cm) spined-fruited cucumber hybrids recommended for growing in winter-spring turnover.Results. The analysis of the data on the input of solar radiation and the formation of a standard yield showed that there is a direct relationship between the amount of incoming light and the level of productivity. The period of conversion of the received solar energy into the fruit harvest varied during the growing season from 14 to 8 days, depending on the degree of plant development. The "lighting price" of the crop was not the same for different hybrids: the hybrids tested in the experiment spent an average of 2900 J/cm2 per 1 kg of product, which is 18% more efficient than for standard greenhouse cucumbers.

The productivity of vegetable yields in protected ground strongly depends on illuminance. It is known that the amount of total solar radiation required for the formation of a 1 kg of fruit ('lighting price') is not the same for different hybrids. It is economically reasonable to choose hybrids that use less light energy to form a 1 kg of fruit. The purpose of the study is to evaluate F1 hybrids of cucumber on the basis of resistance to lack of lighting by comparing the lighting price of their crop. The research was carried out in 2019-2020 at the variety testing site in the Crimean Breeding Center of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Selection 'Gavrish', in the conditions of winter-spring turnover, in greenhouses not equipped with artificial lighting. There were tested 7 medium- (18-22 cm) warty-fruited cucumber hybrids recommended for growing in winter-spring turnover. The analysis of the data on the input of solar radiation and the formation of a standard yield showed that there is a direct relationship between the amount of incoming light and the level of productivity. The period of conversion of the received solar energy into the fruit harvest varied during the growing season from 14 to 8 days, depending on the degree of plant development. The 'lighting price' of the crop was not the same for different hybrids: the hybrids tested in the experiment spent an average of 2900 J/cm2 per 1 kg of product, which is 18% more efficient than for standard varieties of greenhouse cucumbers. The hybrids F1 Lyuty, Saiber and Yary were characterized by especially low lighting price (2500-2800 J/cm2). | Продуктивность овощных культур в защищенном грунте сильно зависит от освещенности. Известно, что количество суммарной солнечной радиации, необходимое для формирования 1 кг плодов ('световая цена'), не одинаково у разных гибридов. Экономически целесообразно выбирать гибриды, использующие на формирование 1 кг плодов меньшее количество световой энергии. Цель исследования: оценка гибридов F1 огурца по признаку устойчивости к недостатку освещения при помощи сравнения 'световой цены' их урожая. Исследования проводили в 2019-2020 гг. на участке сортоиспытания в Крымском селекционном центре 'Гавриш' НИИ селекции овощных культур, в условиях зимне-весеннего оборота, в теплицах, не оборудованных искусственным освещением. Испытывали 7 бугорчатых среднеплодных (18-22 см) гибридов огурца, рекомендованных для выращивания в зимне-весенних оборотах. Проведенный анализ данных поступления солнечной радиации и формирования стандартного урожая показал, что существует прямая связь между количеством поступившего света и уровнем продуктивности. Период преобразования поступившей солнечной энергии в урожай плодов изменялся в течение вегетации от 14 до 8 суток в зависимости от степени развития растений. 'Световая цена' урожая у разных гибридов была не одинакова: на 1 кг продукции гибриды, испытанные в опыте, затратили в среднем 2900 Дж/см2, что на 18% эффективнее, чем для стандартных сортов тепличных огурцов. Особенно низкой световой ценой (2500-2800 Дж/см2) отличались гибриды F1 Лютый, Сайбер и Ярый.