The article reflects the possibility of using the transformation of raw materials of vegetable type when using lactic acid organisms by the process of fermentation. The authors point out that such terms as salted, soaked and sauerkraut fruits and vegetables are widely used in vegetable processing technology and technical literature. In the canning industry there is a widespread salting cucumbers, tomatoes, pickled cabbage and beets, pickled watermelon and apples. The contamination of fresh cucumbers with lactic acid microorganisms is on average only 3-6%, and fresh cabbage from 5 to 20% of the total number of microorganisms. A significant place in the epiphytic microflora is occupied by putrefactive microorganisms and microorganisms of the genus Coli aerogenes. Contamination of vegetables microflora increases significantly during storage. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the total number of microorganisms on cucumbers that were stored for more than a day increased by 20-60 times and on cabbage with expired cabbage by 3-4 times. The article shows that the use of fermentation is one of the most popular and well-known ways to preserve fruits and vegetables from spoilage. This method relates to microbiological methods of preservation, which is based on the transformation of sugars contained in vegetables and fruits, lactic acid under the action of lactic acid bacteria, initially located on the surface of the processed raw materials. The task of the research was to study the process of directed fermentation of cabbage of white-leaved variety Slava, using strains of lactic acid microorganisms and their consortia, taking into account the degree of their mutual influence.

In the course of research, experiments were conducted to study and describe the biological and economic features of Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. and Allium pskemense B. Fedtsch. in the Moscow region. The object of the research was samples of various ecological and geographical origin, obtained from various scientific institutions in Russia and other countries. The landing scheme was 70x30 cm. The area of the registered plot was 5 m2. Repeatability 4 times. Samples of Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. II years of life provided an average yield of green feathers at a level (2.85-3.86 kg/m2), and Allium pskemense B. Fedtsch. (2.593.20 kg/m2). Maximum yields were provided by samples No. 3 and No. 6 of Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. and samples No.3 and No.5 of Allium pskemense B. Fedtsch.. Correlation analysis showed that high productivity of the green feather is formed, first of all, due to the number of false stems (r = 0.909). Significant influence is exerted by such features as the number of leaves (r = 0.633), leaf length (r = 0.630), and the length of the false stem (r = 0.604). The nutritional value of Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. and Allium pskemense B. Fedtsch. is due to the presence of ascorbic acid (19.2-32.6 mg%), carotene (14.9-26.1 mg%) and biologically active substances, including flavonoids (251-325 mg% ), hydroxycinnamic acids, (155-194 mg%). The content of dry substances in the samples of the two onions studied was 10.3-12.7%, sugars 2.8-4.2%. The nitrate content did not exceed 170 mg%.

The aim of the research was to study the regularity of the influence of the culture medium (substrate) on the development of microflora on the pre -fermentation stage of a model medium made from white cabbage «Parus», using strains of lactic acid microorganisms Leuconostoc mesenteroides VKPM B-8818. The main task in the research process was to perform a stepby-step mathematical processing of experimental data and analyze them, to obtain functional dependencies adequately approximating the experimental data for the base (BMS) and modified (MMC) model media. Analysis of the experimental data showed that, depending on the type (composition) of the medium, the same species of microorganisms exhibit different dynamics of titer growth. In connection with this, an algorithm was developed to determine the optimal duration of pre-fermentation – «stop points». The results of the research showed that modification of the model medium with the addition of table salt and ascorbic acid to it promotes the formation of positive dynamics of the comparison indicator. This dynamics has three extreme extremes, but only extremes are of practical significance, which are in the interval of the monotonic decrease of the titer. One of the conditions for successful development of the starting culture at the main stage of fermentation is a relatively small amount of the first culture's titer at the end of the preliminary fermentation stage in order to exclude competition. Consequently, the position of the "stoppoint" corresponds to the period after the last peak of the comparison indicator. These studies on the regularity of the effect of the pre-cultivation of gram-positive microorganisms on the activity of lactic acid microorganisms in the process of fermentation are relevant, since the whole process and the production of high-quality products depend on this approach in full.

The Third All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with the support and participation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Federal Agency for scientific organizations took place in Crimea in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, Crimea on September 3-10, 2017. "Ecological-genetic reserves of selection, seed farming and plant reproduction" forum gathered more than 300 people from 99 organizations throughout Russia. Following the results of the five-day work of the conference, a resolution was adopted: to develop a "State scientific and technical program" aimed at increasing the competitiveness of domestic varieties, seeds, planting stock and technologies in the domestic and foreign markets with the view of long-term development of selection and seed production in the Russian Federation.

Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. is distributed in the middle belt of the Pamir and Altai mountains. The local population uses leaves and bulbs for food in fresh and canned form. Selective forms of onion Oshanina still does not exist. The research was carried out in the AllRussian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing" (VNIIO branch of FGBNU FNCS) in 20142017. The object of the study was a collection of five samples of A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch. of various origins. Experiments were conducted to study and describe the biological and economic features of onion Oshanin (Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) In the Moscow region; statistical processing and analysis of research results; methods for describing the characteristics used to assess distinctness, uniformity and stability are given. The object of the research was a collection of five samples A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch. of various origins. Methodical recommendations for registration of onion Oshanin (A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) In the State Register of Selection Achievements, admitted to use in the territory of the Russian Federation, for introduction into culture and introduction into production, are developed. The methodological recommendations have been prepared in accordance with the principles of similar methods used in UPOV and the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Preservation of Selection Achievements. A system of parameters has been developed, the use of which will ensure the contribution of new knowledge to the theory and practice of seed selection and production, will help to speed up the development of new varieties and hybrids with high winter hardiness, with early and harmonious growth of leaves, a long period of preservation of commercial qualities of green products resistant to peronosporosis for the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, to assess the effectiveness of selection work in order to increase yields, improve product quality and increase the resistance of new varieties to the impact of factors on of the circling medium. The results of the research can be used in breeding organizations and state stations, in the description of new varieties based on the characteristics used to assess distinctness, uniformity and stability.

The article presents the results of research on the development of elements of the cultivation technology of original varieties of lettuce in irrigated conditions of the Volga delta aimed to provide the citizens with vitamin products of own production within early-spring and autumn periods. The prospective grades of lettuce are selected: Miret RZ (Iceberg variety), Bacio RZ (Romen variety), Anthony RZ (Lollo Rossa variety) and Sigal RZ (Frisse variety). It was defined the seeding time; periods of planting of seedlings in open field and cut-off of saleable products. The highest yield, in average 31,1-33,5 t/ha, was received by Iceberg and Romen varieties of lettuce. For all the planting times, it was registered the high marketability of the produced output – for the Romen and Iceberg varieties – 98%, for the Lollo Rossa and Frisse varieties – 96%. According to the results of the chemical analysis, it was found that all varieties with the summer planting on the average accumulated less of dry matter by 6,12% and the amount of sugar by 39,87%, and had more value of vitamin C by 47,27% and nitrates by 103 mg/kg. The highest level of profitability of 407,8% was received on the cultivation of the Romen variety with the early-spring seeding. Due to their high taste properties, quality and external appeal produced lettuce products are very unique and in demand on the market.

.

Tasks that were posed have been well proven and realized concerning the breeding program for beetroot in monsoon climate of the Russian Far East. The new breeding accessions suitable for further variety development with high immunological, productive and marketable characteristics, increased biochemical parameters, and resistance to highly moist soil and pathogens were developed. The biological and morphological features of growing seed plants in beetroot have been studied using the effective elements of selection with combination of promising agricultural techniques for tilling. Technological methods for early generation and marketable seed production have been improved. The favorable agricultural and climatic areas were found to cultivate seed plants of beetroot and produce the high quality seeds that preserved all biological and horticulturally valuable traits. The varieties of beetroot, such as ‘Uspekh’ (variety type Bordeaux), ‘Primorskaya Cylidricheskaya’ (variety type Granat), ‘Primorskaya 4’ (variety type Bordeaux), breeding accessions ‘POOS 22’ (Bordeaux, Primorskaya) were developed and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.

The results of research work on carrot seed growing through wintering seedlings carried out at laboratory of seed studies and seed production of Transnistrian Research Institute of Agriculture, on the soil of the first terrace at the rive Dniester were presented in the article. Seed bearing plants of garden carrot ‘Krasavka’ were the object of the study. The seeds were sown to produce the seedlings on 15-16 August. In the first decade of December the plants were covered with white agrotextile with density 23g/m2 that was removed at the beginning of April. The proportion of plant that passed the winter depending on a year of cultivation was 95-100% under argotextile, and 50-80% in open plot. The plants under agrotextile reached 28 cm a high and had 5-7 well-developed leaves, while those on the open plot were at phase of active foliage growing about 10-13 cm. long. Thus, for early mechanized planting in optimal terms the wintering seedlings grown under agrotextile had the best biometrical characteristics. Moreover the outcome of carrot seedlings was 1.2-1.25 million per hectare. Such quantity of seedlings was sufficient to plant 9-10 ha of carrot plants, where the coefficient of multiplication reached 9-10, and only 3 when growing seeds through mother plant as biennial culture. Viability of seed plants grown through seedlings was 100%. Losses of plant with weight 120-150 grams from damage caused by diseases was 23%. The seed yield, when growing seedlings was 639 kg/ha, but growing through plants was 332 kg/ha. The seed outcome suitable for precise mechanized sowing through seedling growing was 77%, where seed germination was 90%, with seed fraction 1.51 and >2.0 mm. It was essentially improved their yielding characteristics. Seed outcome from this fraction obtained through planting method was 32%. The proportion of seeds in fraction 1-1.5 mm was 68%. For mechanized single-seed sowing, the seeds can be used only after mini-coating. The seed growing from wintering seedlings fully excluded the application of fungicides for plant protection and seedlings from diseases; there are no expenses for building the expensive storage facilities needed for mother plant storing.

The experiments were performed during the two successive seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. The experiment was aimed to study the efficiency of 117 different beetroot accessions for productivity and storability. To study the storability, 20 beetroot roots without any external sings of diseases were taken in two replications from each variety accession and left to be stored. The wet fresh weight of beetroots placed into storage varied from 132 g to 320 g depending on the shape and the size of roots. Beetroots were stored in polypropylene bags, which were placed on barred shelves 30-35 cm high. The storing temperature in autumn and spring period of time fluctuated from 3-5o to 6-8°, but in winter period it was 1-2°. The observed results showed that the gross yield of beetroot accessions ranged from 25.0 to 105.4 t/ha, marketable yield – 16.7 to 74.9 t/ha, marketability – 33.8 to 97.2%. Storability of beet roots mostly depended on accession genotype with different natural decrease of weight and root rot diseases. Natural decrease of weight varied from 0.0 to 12.3%, total losses from root diseases were from 0.0 to 90.0%. The analysis carried out showed that the link between yield capacity and storage characteristics was weak, R= -0,042-0,144. The correlation between storability and root rot was R = -0,516-0,644, that was stronger than it was in natural decrease of weight, R = -0.115.