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Obtaining doubled haploids of Cucurbita pepo L. 全文
2021
E. A. Domblides | A. S. Ermolaev | S. N. Belov
Doubled haploids have been widely used worldwide in breeding programs and fundamental research as valuable homozygous material for about 100 years. The species Cucurbita pepo L. are represented by a huge variety of forms, include highly productive vegetable crops and have a wide distribution in the world. Despite the great economic importance, the creation of effective protocols to ensure stable production of doubled haploids in this species remains an urgent task. DH plants are of interest not only because of the acceleration of the breeding process, but also because of the realization of the huge potential of gametoclonal variability inherent in this highly polymorphic species. In this review, we analyzed the main technologies used for obtaining doubled haploids in vegetable crops of C. pepo: parthenogenesis in situ stimulated by treated/irradiated pollen, gynogenesis in vitro (unpollinated ovule culture in vitro) and androgenesis in vitro (anther/microspore culture in vitro). An analysis is presented of the research carried out from the beginning of the discovery of haploid plants to the current advances and evaluation of the prospects in the field of DH plant production. The main critical factors influencing the efficiency of each technology and its individual steps are considered. The developed technology of doubled haploids obtaining using non-pollinated ovary culture in vitro is presented. This technology allows to obtain up to 55 embryoids per one cultivated ovary (28 embryoids/ 100 cultivated ovules) To introduce haploid technologies into the breeding process it is necessary to evaluate the obtained plants for ploidy level. The use of direct counting of chromosomes in apical cells may present a certain difficulty in this species due to their large number (2n=40) and their small size. Depending on the level of laboratory equipment, ploidy determination using flow cytometry of cell nuclei and counting the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells in the epidermis of the abaxial side of the leaf may be more convenient methods. The prospects for the use of molecular markers for assessment for homozygosity in DH technologies used, including C. pepo, are discussed in the review.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Food as a factor of fertility, development duration, and changes in morphometric parameters in Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) 全文
2021
N. V. Matsishina | P. V. Fisenko | M. V. Ermak | O. A. Sobko | D. I. Volkov | A. G. Baleevskih
Food as a factor of fertility, development duration, and changes in morphometric parameters in Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) 全文
2021
N. V. Matsishina | P. V. Fisenko | M. V. Ermak | O. A. Sobko | D. I. Volkov | A. G. Baleevskih
Relevance.The physiology of insects nutrition and digestion reflects the diversity of their food specialization, aimed at the most effective use of feed. The choice of the object of nutrition is provided by attractants in it, as well as the presence of substances necessary for the insect to pass the stages of development and general nutrition. On the other hand, the “plant-phytophage” system has well-developed barriers that limit the choice of plants by insects for settling, feeding, and eggs laying. In the modern literature, there is very little information on the effect of food plants on fertility, development duration, and changes in morphometric parameters in 28-spotted potato ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky). However, they are important for understanding the ecology of the pest and developing effective control measures.Research methodology. The laboratory colony of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) was established in 2019. Adults were collected in various locations throughout Primorsky Territory, Russia. For an introduction into the culture of the insectarium, imagos, clutches, and larvae were collected in natural habitats. Standard methods of keeping and breeding insect cultures were used, aimed at optimizing the parameters of the environment, the density of the content, and the feed supply.Results. The uneven influence of crops on different aspects of the ontogenesis of the potato ladybird was revealed. The potato was the most favorable food in most experiments. When feeding with this crop, the smallest incubation period of eggs, the largest sizes of larvae of initial ages, the largest sizes of pupae, fertility, low mortality was observed, and as a result, the largest growth coefficient (3.22±0.22) and the shortest period of development from eggs to imago (21.3±0.81) were revealed. The remaining forage plants used in the study showed a less unambiguous result. The different influence of crops on both individual indicators and the ontogenetic periods of the phytophage was found. When eating tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, lime, high overall mortality was noted. At the same time, linden stimulated the development of eggs and the growth of young larvae but provoked low fertility and a general prolongation of the development period. According to the set of characteristics, pumpkin, cucumber, and linden were the least favorable for nutrition.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Пища как фактор плодовитости, продолжительности развития и изменения морфометрических показателей у Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) | Food as a factor of fertility, development duration, and changes in morphometric parameters in Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) 全文
2021
Matsishina, N.V. | Fisenko, P.V. | Ermak, M.V. | Sobko, O.A. | Volkov, D.I. | Baleevskikh, A.G., Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki, Ussuriysk (Russian Federation)
A twenty eight spotted potato ladycow Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) is a polytrophic pest of different agricultural crops. The data on the influence of food plants on fertility, development duration, and changes in morphometric parameters are important for understanding the ecology of the pest and developing effective control measures. The laboratory colony of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) was established in 2019. Adults were collected in various locations throughout Primorsky Territory, Russia. For an introduction into the culture of the insectarium, imagos, clutches, and larvae were collected in natural habitats. Standard methods of keeping and breeding insect cultures were used, aimed at optimizing the parameters of the environment, the density of the content, and the feed supply. Insects were grown in tissue isolation sections at a temperature of 25±1.05 deg. C and relative moisture content of 85±2.25%, for photoperiod of 16±1.25 h. The uneven influence of feed plants on different aspects of the ontogenesis of the potato ladybird was revealed. The potato was the most favorable feed in most experiments. When feeding on this plant, the smallest incubation period of eggs, the largest sizes of larvae of initial ages, the largest sizes of pupae, fertility, low mortality was observed, and as a result, the largest growth coefficient (3.22±0.22) and the shortest period of development from eggs to imago (21.3±0.81) were revealed. Larvae of older ages were also excellently developed when feeding on eggplant. The different influence of food plants on both individual indicators and the ontogenetic periods of the phytophage was found. When eating tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, lime, high overall mortality was noted. Linden stimulated the development of eggs and the growth of young larvae but provoked low fertility and a general prolongation of the development period. According to the set of characteristics, pumpkin, cucumber, and linden were the least favorable plants for nutrition of the pest. | Двадцативосьмиточечная картофельная коровка Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) – многоядный вредитель различных с.-х культур. Сведения о влиянии пищевых растений на плодовитость, продолжительность развития и изменение морфометрических показателей важны для понимания экологии вредителя и разработки эффективных мер борьбы с ним. Лабораторная колония Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) создана в 2019 г. Взрослые особи были собраны в разных местах по всему Приморскому краю (Россия). Для внедрения в культуру инсектария собирали имаго, яйцекладки и личинки в естественных местообитаниях. Использовали стандартные методы содержания и разведения культур насекомых, направленные на оптимизацию параметров среды, плотности содержания и кормовой обеспеченности. Насекомых выращивали в тканевых изоляторах при температуре 25±1,05 град. C и относительной влажности 85±2,25%, при фотопериоде 16±1,25 ч. Выявлено неравномерное влияние пищевых растений на разные аспекты онтогенеза картофельной коровки. Наиболее благоприятным кормом в большинстве экспериментов оказался картофель. При питании на этом растении наблюдались наименьший инкубационный период яиц, наибольшие размеры личинок начальных возрастов, наибольшие размеры куколок, плодовитость, низкая смертность, и как следствие выявлены наибольший коэффициент роста (3,22±0,22) и наименьший период развития от яиц до имаго (21,3±0,81). Личинки старших возрастов также отлично развивались при питании на баклажане. Обнаружено различное влияние пищевых растений как на отдельные показатели, так и на онтогенетические периоды фитофага. При питании томатом, огурцом, тыквой, липой была отмечена высокая общая смертность. Липа стимулировала развитие яиц и рост личинок младших возрастов, но провоцировала низкую плодовитость и общее удлинение сроков развития. По совокупности характеристик, наименее благоприятными для питания вредителя оказались тыква, огурец и липа.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Promising tomato hybrids for summer-autumn turnover in protected ground in Dagestan 全文
2021
P. M. Akhmedova
Relevance. The region continues to build new industrial greenhouses every year, as well as mass construction of winter film greenhouses in the farms of the population of Flat and foothill Dagestan. Today, there are more than 250 hectares of them.Methods. Experimental work was carried out in the greenhouse of LLC Agro-AS in 2019-2020. Carried out selection and evaluation of promising hybrids of tomato for the summer-autumn turnover in greenhouses. Studied the duration of interphase periods, estimated the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence, determined the yield of tomato hybrids, and calculated the most economically promising ones for the natural and climatic conditions of Dagestan.Results. For the first time in the conditions of flat Dagestan, the following experimental data are proved the main elements of industrial technology for obtaining a high yield of tomatoes in protected ground structures using low-volume hydroponic technology on a coconut substrate were experimentally justified; highly productive tomato hybrids were identified for various protected ground structures; F1 hybrids were distinguished by good yield from the second decade of September to the second decade of December; hybrids such as Men-Shuai F1 and Mamston F1 provided 24.3 kg/m2 and 23.1 kg/m2 , respectively, according to the highest percentage of fruit setting, as well as the total and commercial yield. The term of planting seedlings in the substrate in the summer and autumn turnover in the conditions of the suburbs of Makhachkala on July 10 is economically effective, which ensures a high yield and net income per unit area. At the selling price of tomato fruits of 100-110 rubles per 1 kg, the profitability of production, depending on the timing of harvesting and sales, was 100-122%.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Possibilities of using leaves cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a medicinal plant material (review) 全文
2021
P. O. Mavrina | O. L. Saybel | E. L. Malankina
Possibilities of using leaves cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a medicinal plant material (review) 全文
2021
P. O. Mavrina | O. L. Saybel | E. L. Malankina
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known as a food plant. However, in folk medicine in many countries, the roots and leaves of chicory are used as a choleretic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic agent. In this regard, a promising direction of research is a detailed study of the biological characteristics and chemical composition of this plant in order to substantiate its use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The article presents an analysis of the available information on the botanical classification and biological characteristics, agricultural technology, chemical composition and the use of the aerial part of the cultivated common chicory in scientific and folk medicine. Possible resources for collecting chicory leaves are wild-growing populations, as well as varieties of root chicory, which is grown in Russia as an industrial crop. Under natural conditions, chicory occupies disturbed habitats characterized by low soil fertility, pollution with heavy metals, and increased competition with other ruderal plants. While in the conditions of culture, the best agroecological conditions for growing plants are provided, accelerating their development and contributing to accumulation of biologically active substances in greater quantities, compared with wild ones. In this regard, a promising direction of research is to study the influence of various factors (illumination, temperature, weather conditions, agrotechnical measures, varietal characteristics, growth regulators) on the content, qualitative composition and dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active compounds in the leaves of cultivated common chicory.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Possibilities of using leaves cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a medicinal plant material (review) | Возможности использования листьев культивируемого цикория обыкновенного (Cichorium intybus L.) в качестве лекарственного растительного сырья (обзор) 全文
2021
Mavrina, P.O. | Sajbel', O.L. | Malankina, E.L., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Цикорий обыкновенный (Cichorium intybus L.) широко известен как пищевое растение, а в народной медицине многих стран корни и листья цикория используют в качестве желчегонного, противовоспалительного, гипогликемического средства. Перспективно изучение биологических особенностей и химического состава этого растения с целью обоснования его применения в лечебных и профилактических целях. Проведен анализ имеющейся информации о ботанической классификации и биологических особенностях, агротехнике, химическом составе и использованию в научной и народной медицине надземной части культивируемого цикория обыкновенного. Показано, что надземная часть цикория содержит обширный перечень фармакологически значимых соединений, обуславливающих широкий спектр фармакологической активности его извлечений, поэтому ее следует рассматривать как потенциальное лекарственное растительное сырье. Возможными ресурсами для сбора листьев цикория являются дикорастущие популяции, а также сорта корневого цикория, который выращивают на территории России как техническую культуру. В природных условиях цикорий занимает нарушенные местообитания, характеризующиеся низким плодородием почвы, загрязнённостью тяжёлыми металлами, а также повышенной конкуренцией с другими рудеральными растениями. В условиях культуры обеспечиваются более благоприятные агроэкологические условия для роста растений, ускорения их развития и повышенного накопления биологически активных веществ. Перспективно изучение влияния различных факторов (освещенность, температура, погодные условия, агротехнические мероприятия, сортовые особенности, регуляторы роста) на содержание, качественный состав и динамику накопления биологически активных соединений в листьях культивируемого цикория обыкновенного. | Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known as a food plant, in folk medicine in many countries, the roots and leaves of chicory are used as a choleretic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic agent. Promising is the study of the biological characteristics and chemical composition of this plant in order to substantiate its use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. There has been carried out an analysis of the available information on the botanical classification and biological characteristics, agricultural technology, chemical composition and the use of the aerial part of the cultivated common chicory in scientific and folk medicine. It is shown that aboveground part of chicory comprises a wide list of pharmacologically essential compounds determining a spectrum of pharmacological activity of its extracts, so, it should be considered as potential medical plant material. Possible resources for collecting chicory leaves are wild-growing populations, as well as varieties of root chicory, which is grown in Russia as an industrial crop. Under natural conditions, chicory occupies disturbed habitats characterized by low soil fertility, pollution with heavy metals, and increased competition with other ruderal plants. In the conditions of culture, more favorable agroecological conditions for plant growth, their development acceleration and increased accumulation of biologically active substances are provided. Promising is to study the influence of various factors (illumination, temperature, weather conditions, agrotechnical measures, varietal characteristics, growth regulators) on the content, qualitative composition and dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active compounds in the leaves of cultivated common chicory.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Results of the research of onion in the annual culture in the conditions of the Priobskaya zone of the Altai Territory 全文
2021
S. V. Zharkova | E. V. Shishkina
Relevance. In the Western Siberia conditions bulb onion is grown mainly from onion sets. With this method of cultivation, large costs are spent on growing and storing the onion sets. In this regard, the cultivation of it through the seeds is of particular importance. This problem has not been studied enough in Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory conditions.Materials and methods. In our research, we studied the influence of cultivation conditions on the formation of economically valuable traits of varieties and a hybrid of bulb onion grown by sowing seeds in the ground in Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory. Three varieties were taken as objects of research: Odnoletniy Sibirskiy, Zolotnichok, Odintsovets, and one Candy F1 hybrid.Results. On average, over the years of research on early maturity, the standard Odnoletniy Sibirskiy variety (87-88 days) showed itself to be the most early maturing. Candy F1 hybrid can be used as a source of early green mass. Leaf regrowth was the earliest of all onion samples studied. The largest leaf apparatus in the conditions of Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory is formed by the varieties Odintsovets (4.1 pieces per plant) and Odnoletniy Sibirskiy (3.8 pieces per plant). The maximum bulb mass was formed by the Candy F1 hybrid (51.5 g). The Candy F1 hybrid also was distinguished by the highest yield in the group of the studied samples. The increase in total yield was 5.1 t/ha, marketable 2.4 t/ha in relation to the standard. The maximum marketability in the experience was in the standard (80.9%).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Selection of pairs for intervarietal crossing of root chicory 全文
2021
O. M. Vyutnova | I. V. Smirnova | E. A. Evseeva | T. Yu. Polyanina | N. A. Ratnikova | I. A. Novikova
Relevance. Modern agricultural production requires the creation of varieties that combine high productivity, quality, and adaptability. Taking into account the development trends of modern agriculture towards multiplicity, it is necessary to improve and expand the assortment, helping to meet the needs of both large and small producers of agricultural products. Due to the lack of material and human resources in the agricultural sector, there is a clear need for varieties and hybrids adapted to industrial cultivation and storage technologies. Existing zoned varieties of root chicory have a root crop length of 40 cm or more, and the soils of the area of cycoroseeding are mainly heavy in mechanical composition, where the use of digging devices to such a depth is impossible. Production requires varieties with a short root crop, which has the main mass concentrated in the upper part.Methods. The purpose of this work is to identify valuable genotypes in the soil and climate conditions of the non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation among the variety of varieties of chicory root of different ecological and geographical origin for use in the creation of the source material of selection by inter-port crosses.Results. When creating the source material for the selection of root chicory by the method of intervarietal crosses, one of the parents should choose local intrazonal varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone (Yaroslavsky, Gavrilov-Yamsky), and the second – off-zonal varieties with economically valuable qualities (short root crop, high yields and chemical-technological indicators, resistance to root rot) and donors of these traits (Kharpachi, Sleszka, BilogorkaOS-2, BilogorkaOS-3, Rexor, Wixor, Luxor).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Influence of thin-layer soil analogues on the production process of lettuce plants in intensive artificial-light culture 全文
2021
O. R. Udalova | L. M. Anikina | Yu. V. Khomyakov | V. E. Vertebniy | V. I. Dubovitskaya | G. G. Panova
Influence of thin-layer soil analogues on the production process of lettuce plants in intensive artificial-light culture 全文
2021
O. R. Udalova | L. M. Anikina | Yu. V. Khomyakov | V. E. Vertebniy | V. I. Dubovitskaya | G. G. Panova
Relevance.The solution to the problem of providing the population of our country with high - quality plant production all year round is possible when creating high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative, resource-saving technologies for growing plants in an artificial climate, including the development of a new generation of root inhabited thin-layer analogues of soils.Materials and methods. The research was carried out under controlled conditions of intensive artificial-light culture, when growing lettuce plants of the Typhoon variety on thin - layer analogs of soil of various composition and a low-volume soil analogue based on high-moor peat with a low degree of decomposition "Agrofit", selected as a reference for comparison, in plant growing light equipment developed at Agrophysical Institute.Results. Evaluation of the influence of thin-film analogues of the soil based on the suspensions Cambrian clay, and /or sapropel in different ratios on the production process of lettuces showed when compared with control (hydrophilic fabric): a positive tendency to increase of height, number of leaves per plant; a significant increase in wet mass by 25-35%, dry mass in 54-80%, percent dry matter in 16-36%; increase of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity at 20-36%, net productivity of photosynthesis by 16-45%; a significant or in a form of tendency to increase in the content of potassium by 14-17%, calcium by 27-35%, zinc by 29-53% and disaccharides by 28-68%. In comparison with the low-volume analogue of the soil based on high-moor peat of a low degree of decomposition "Agrophyte" (standard), it was found an increase in the form of a pronounced positive trend in growth indicators - the height and number of leaves. wet, dry mass of plants, percentage of dry matter; net productivity of photosynthesis, a reliable or in form of trend to increase in leaf area, photosynthetic potential by 20-30%; an increase in the content of mineral elements in lettuce leaves. Possible reasons for the lower productivity of lettuce plants in the control were determined, and it associated with an increase in water intake in leaf tissues against the background of the absence of additional mineral and / or organic nutrition. The content of heavy metals and nitrates did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in all variants. All thin-layer analogs of the soil with the application of suspensions of various compositions can be recommended for growing lettuce in any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive artificial-light culture.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Influence of thin-layer soil analogues on the production process of lettuce plants in intensive artificial-light culture | Влияние тонкослойных аналогов почвы на продукционный процесс растений салата в интенсивной светокультуре 全文
2021
Udalova, O.R. | Anikina, L.M. | Khomyakov, Yu.V. | Vertebnyj, V.E. | Dubovitskaya, V.I. | Panova, G.G., Agrophysics Research and Development Inst., St. Petersburg (Russian Federation)
The solution to the problem of providing the population with high - quality plant production all year round is possible when creating high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative, resource-saving technologies for growing plants in an artificial climate, including on root inhabited media of new generation, that is, soil thin layer counterparts (STC). The lettuce Typhoon variety was grown in vegetation photo installations developed at the Agrophysical Institute on STC of different composition and low-volume soil counterpart 'Agrofit' (comparison reference). Evaluation of the influence of STC based on the suspensions Cambrian clay, and /or sapropel in different ratios on the production process of lettuces showed when compared with control (hydrophilic fabric): a positive tendency to increase of height, number of leaves per plant; a significant increase in wet mass by 25-35%, dry mass in 54-80%, percent dry matter in 16-36%; increase of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity at 20-36%, net productivity of photosynthesis by 16-45%; a significant or in a form of tendency to increase in the content of potassium by 14-17%, calcium by 27-35%, zinc by 29-53% and disaccharides by 28-68%. In comparison with the reference a pronounced tendency to increasing was observed for indicators: the height and number of leaves, dry matter content, net productivity of photosynthesis, a reliable tendencious increase in leaf area, photosynthetic potential by 20-30%; an increase in the content of minerals in lettuce leaves. A relatively low productivity of lettuce plants in the control is probably associated with an increase in water intake in leaf tissues against the background of the absence of additional mineral and / or organic nutrition. The content of heavy metals and nitrates did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in all variants. All STC with the application of suspensions of various compositions can be recommended for growing lettuce in any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive artificial-light culture. | Решение задачи круглогодичного обеспечения населения высококачественной растительной продукцией возможно при создании наукоемких автоматизированных фитотехкомплексов на основе инновационных, ресурсосберегающих технологий выращивания растений в условиях искусственного климата, в т.ч. на корнеобитаемых средах нового поколения – тонкослойных аналогах почвы (ТАП). Салат сорта Тайфун выращивали в вегетационных светоустановках, разработанных в Агрофизическом институте, на ТАП различного состава и малообъемном аналоге почвы 'Агрофит', (эталон сравнения). Оценка влияния ТАП на основе суспензий с кембрийской глиной и/или сапропелем в различных соотношениях на продукционный процесс растений салата по сравнению с контролем (гидрофильная ткань) показала положительную тенденцию увеличения высоты, числа листьев с растения; достоверный рост сырой массы на 25-35%, сухой массы – на 54-80%, сухого вещества – на 16-36%; увеличение площади листьев и фотосинтетического потенциала – на 20-36%, чистой продуктивности фотосинтеза – на 16-45%; достоверное или в виде положительной тенденции увеличение содержания калия – на 14-17%, кальция – на 27-35%, цинка – на 29-53% и дисахаров – на 28-68%. По сравнению с эталоном выраженную тенденцию к увеличению наблюдали для показателей: высоты и числа листьев, продуктивности, содержания сухого вещества; чистой продуктивности фотосинтеза, достоверное или в виде положительной тенденции увеличение площади листьев, фотосинтетического потенциала – на 20-30%; увеличение содержания минеральных элементов. Относительно низкая продуктивность растений салата в контроле, вероятно, связана с увеличением поступления воды в ткани листьев на фоне отсутствия дополнительного минерального и/или органического питания. Содержание тяжелых металлов и нитратов не превышало ПДК во всех вариантах. Все ТАП с нанесением суспензий различного состава могут быть рекомендованы для выращивания салата в любых культивационных сооружениях в условиях интенсивной светокультуры.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Content of biologically active substances in seedlings of cabbage of the genus Brassica L. 全文
2021
O V. Ushakova | A. V. Molchanova | L. L. Bondareva
Content of biologically active substances in seedlings of cabbage of the genus Brassica L. 全文
2021
O V. Ushakova | A. V. Molchanova | L. L. Bondareva
Relevance. Photosynthetic seedlings, as a model object, are interesting both in the study of nutritional value and the species response of a plant organism to the cultivation.Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the laboratory analytical department of the FSBSI FSVC. The material of the research was sprouts of Brassica chinensis L., cv. Vesnyanka; Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenck, cv. Tonus; Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala DC., cv. Malinovka; Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L., hybrid F1 Sonata and cv. Venskaya Belaya 1350; Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. rubra (L.) Thell., cv. Gako 741. The seeds of the 2018 harvest were germinated in filter paper cassettes using distilled water. The cassettes with seeds were placed in a thermostat under constant illumination and a temperature of 25°C. They have been germinated for 8 days, after which a biochemical analysis of the samples was carried out.Results. It was found out that the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in the studied of cabbage crops was in the range of concentrations from 3.58-4.57 mg-eq HA/g (wet weight). According to this indicator of 8-day-old seedlings, red cabbage variety Gako 741 was distinguished by the maximum values. The total content of antioxidants in the alcoholic extract ranged from 21.24 to 28.23 mg-eq HA/g (dry weight). The content of polyphenols – in the concentration range of 16.39-24.94 mg-eq of HA/g (dry weight). As a result of the research, direct correlations of the studied characteristics were revealed. A high correlation was shown between the content of water-soluble antioxidants and dry matter (r=0.72...0.98) and between the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls (r=0.98...0. 99).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Content of biologically active substances in seedlings of cabbage of the genus Brassica L. | Содержание биологически активных веществ в проростках капусты рода Brassica L. 全文
2021
Ushakova, O.V. | Molchanova, A.V. | Bondareva, L.L., Federal Research Center of Vegetable Crop Selection, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)
The study was carried out on the basis of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing. The material of the research was sprouts of Brassica chinensis L., cv. Vesnyanka; Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenck, cv. Tonus; Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala DC., cv. Malinovka; Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L., hybrid F1 Sonata and cv. Venskaya Belaya 1350; Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. rubra (L.) Thell., cv. Gako 741. The seeds of the 2018 harvest were germinated in filter paper cassettes using distilled water. The cassettes with seeds were placed in a thermostat where they were germinated for 8 days under constant illumination and a temperature of 25 deg. C, after which a biochemical analysis of the samples was carried out. It was found out that the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in the studied of cabbage crops was in the range of concentrations from 3.58-4.57 mg-eq HA/g (wet weight). According to this indicator of 8-day-old seedlings, red cabbage variety Gako 741 was distinguished by the maximum values. The total content of antioxidants in the alcoholic extract ranged from 21.24 to 28.23 mg-eq HA/g (dry weight). The content of polyphenols was in the concentration range of 16.39-24.94 mg-eq of HA/g (dry weight). As a result of the research, high direct correlations between the content of water-soluble antioxidants and dry matter were revealed (r=0.72-0.98) and between the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls (r=0.98-0. 99). As to the high content of polyphenols and sum of antioxidants in sprouts the samples of decorative cabbage (Malinovka), kohlrabi (hybrid F1 Sonata) and red cabbage (Gako) were distinguished. | Исследование проводили на базе Федерального научного центра овощеводства. Материалом служили проростки капусты китайской (Brassica chinensis L.) – сорт Веснянка; капусты брокколи (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenck) – сорт Тонус; капусты декоративной (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala DC.) – сорт Малиновка; капусты кольраби (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) – гибрид F1 Соната и сорт Венская белая 1350; капусты краснокочанной (Brassica oleracea L. convar. Capitata (L.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. rubra (L.) Thell.) – сорт Гако 741. Семена урожая 2018 г. проращивали в кассетах на фильтровальной бумаге, используя дистиллированную воду. Кассеты с семенами помещали в термостат, где проращивали в течение 8 сут при постоянном освещении и температуре 25 град. С, после чего проводили биохимический анализ проростков. Суммарное содержание водорастворимых антиоксидантов в исследованных проростках капустных культур находилось в пределах концентраций от 3,58-4,57 мг-экв ГК/г (сырой массы). По этому показателю у 8-суточных проростков максимальными значениями выделялась капуста краснокочанная. Суммарное содержание антиоксидантов в спиртовом экстракте составило от 21,24 до 28,23 мг-экв ГК/г (cухой массы), содержание полифенолов – в пределах 16,39-24,94 мг-экв ГК/г (сухой массы). В результате исследований выявлены высокие прямые корреляционные связи между содержанием водорастворимых антиоксидантов и сухого вещества (r=0,72…0,98) и между содержанием каротиноидов и хлорофиллов (r=0,98…0,99). По высокому содержанию полифенолов и суммы антиоксидантов в проростках выделились образцы капусты декоративной (сорт Малиновка), кольраби (гибрид F1 Соната) и капусты краснокочанной (сорт Гако 741).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]New technologies of cultivation of watermelon as a key to development of the melon industry 全文
2021
T. G. Koleboshina | E. A. Varivoda | P. P. Suslov
Relevance. The appearance on the market of water-soluble fertilizers, growth regulators, biological products requires a detailed study of these drugs to determine their effectiveness in increasing yields and optimizing costs. Therefore, the issue of developing environmentally friendly elements of the technology for growing varieties of table watermelon of different ripening periods with the use of new types and forms of water-soluble fertilizers becomes urgent.Materials and methods. The object of research is varieties of watermelon of domestic selection of early and medium ripening. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station (Bykovskiy district, Volgograd region). The methods of using the preparation Potassium Humate (liquid) were studied: Treatment of plants twice, Soaking the seeds before sowing. The passage of the main periods of plant growth and development, biometric parameters of plants, biochemical composition of fruits and productivity of table watermelon were determined. The purpose of the research: to determine the effectiveness of methods of using potassium humate (liquid) in increasing yields, to reveal their influence on the quality of table watermelon fruits of different ripening periods.Results. The experimental data obtained showed a fairly high efficiency of the use of humic fertilizer in the cultivation of table watermelon both in early-maturing varieties and in varieties of late ripening. The maximum yield of the late-ripening watermelon variety Ikar was obtained when using the preparation Potassium Humate for treating plants – 17.1 t/ha, which is 25.7% more than control. The same method of using the humic preparation was noted as the most promising in the early ripening variety of watermelon Triumph, where the yield exceeded the control values by 21.8% and the method of use was by 18.0% – soaking the seeds before sowing. Studies have determined that the use of the preparation Potassium Humate in the technology of growing table watermelon allows to obtain fruits of good quality with a content of nitrates significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentrations for this culture (MPC – 60 mg/kg).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Agrochemical and water-physical properties of sod-podzolic soil with drip irrigation of a fruit nursery 全文
2021
N. N. Dubenok | A. V. Gemonov | A. V. Lebedev | O. E. Efimov | A. A. Prokhorov
Relevance. The use of irrigation is one of the directions of intensification of fruit growing. Drip irrigation is considered one of the promising methods of irrigation, which provides the creation of the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, makes it possible to supply irrigation water directly to their roots and allows the use of automation tools in the irrigation process. The results of ongoing scientific research show that changes in the water-physical and agrochemical properties of soils can be observed on irrigated lands. For the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia, studies on the influence of drip irrigation on soil properties are fragmentary.Methods. Field studies were conducted on the territory of the educational experimental farm of the Michurinsky Garden fruit growing laboratory of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. A two-factor experience in the study of different ranges of moisture for the formation of varietal plum seedlings grafted on plum tree stock was laid in the spring of 2018. Before setting up the experiment, organic fertilizers were introduced in the form of horse manure with sawdust in the amount of 100 t/ha. Soil moisture was controlled using tensiometers, calibrated based on the data of the thermostat-weight method. Irrigation rates were set in such a way as to increase the moisture content by 20% of the lowest moisture capacity. The identification of the main agrochemical and water-physical properties of the soil in the experimental plot was carried out according to generally accepted methods and techniques.Results. The data obtained on the characteristics of the water-physical and agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil make it possible to reasonably design the irrigation regime, reclamation and agrotechnical measures. The results of the study show that the local irrigation of soils with sparing irrigation rates with the application has led to certain changes in some soil parameters. However, the obtained research results suggest that in quantitative terms, these changes are not yet significant.
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