On an experimental basis of the Scientific Center of vegetable, melon and industrial crops (Republic of Armenia) 20 accessions of the world germplasm of Capsicum annuum L. (sweet pepper, chili) provided by the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) have been studied. The accessions resistant to such diseases as verticillium wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum Reincke), bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum (= Pseudomonas solanacearum), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), blossom end rot of fruit, and tip-burn have been selected. These genotypes of chili and sweet pepper are the promising initial material in breeding for resistance to common diseases. In collaboration with other breeders, five varieties of peppers were developed and released: sweet pepper cultivars Natalie, Emily, Miles, and chili cultivars Zita and Gita.

The  green pea collection  consisting  of 277 samples  varied in geographical  distance,  quantity, and quality traits was evaluated. The samples  with agronomic valuable traits were selected.  The starch  grains in selected  green pea samples were studied. The molecular analysis of these samples was conducted. The selected samples were used for the reciprocal crossing.  The pattern inheritance  of hybrids F1 was studied.

The characteristics of adaptability of 24 pea varieties to justify the use of the assortment in the technology of conveyor cultivation of raw green peas for freezing in conditions of the south-west of the CCZ is presented.

The advantage of the wide-band and stripped scheme of sowing of the early-ripening tomato cultivar Lyana in non-seedling culture is shown.

The method  of development  of functionally sterile forms of tomato from hybrids derived from crossing between functionally sterile and fertile lines is described. The characteristic  of two new lines on the main morphological; biological and economically useful traits and combining ability for yield and fruit weight are shown.

The analysis of the modern homeland assortment of vegetable crops is given. The donors of the most important traits and the accessions  of vegetable and melon crops perspective for breeding from the VIR collection are shown. The short characteristic of the varieties is given.

In this article, the main stages of establishment and development of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of cucurbits crops since 1921 are presented. More than 50 varieties of cucurbits crops were developed. Research envelopes and main achievements of the laboratory in field of production of high yielding varieties of cucumber, pumpkin, and squash resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.

The antioxidant metabolome as a part of metabolome of  mbryophytes presents the total low molecular weight hydrophylic and hydrophobic metabolites with antioxidant activity which take part in protection and regulatory plant reactions. The main function of antioxidant metabolites is deactivation of active forms of oxygen and free radicals appearing ue to biotic and abiotic stresses. The level of resistance to oxidative stress of each plant is defined by total metabolome of antioxidants (content, speed of synthesis, accumulation, utilization) depending on genotype, but can be changed under the action of environment.

Application of such biotechnological method as a callus culture, allowed developing the somaclonal variants of cucumber, six of which were selected as a regenerated lines for the breeding program. New forms are characterized by early-ripeness, percent of parthenocarpy, good quality, yield and fruit weight. These lines can be used as an initial material for heterosis breeding and for improvement of donor cultivars of cucumber.

The data of spring-summer sowing time of vegetable root crops of the family Brassicaceae in the open filed are presented. Five varieties and three hybrids of daikon, seven varieties of radish, and four varieties of turnip were tested. Based on the results, the minimal and maximal root weight for each time of sowing were determined; average fresh weight of vegetable roots for three years of investigation was accounted.