细化搜索
结果 71-80 的 108
Trends and prospects for the development of the irrigation and drainage complex of the Slavsky district of the Kaliningrad region 全文
2021
Yu. A. Spirin | V. G. Puntusov
Relevance. The development of the reclamation complex in the Kaliningrad region is one of the key tasks in achieving food security and improving the well-being of the region. In recent years, this issue has been highly relevant due to a number of geopolitical events. An important role in the agriculture of the region is played by the municipal district "Slavsky urban district" located mostly on polder lands with high potential fertility. A number of reasons led to the fact that the main part of drainage reclamation systems was deployed on this territory, which, if properly operated, are capable of leveling almost all the consequences of climatic phenomena that are difficult for agriculture. Despite the importance of this issue, the technical state and development of the amelioration complex have recently been given active attention.Purpose of work. Consider current trends and prospects for the development of the irrigation and drainage complex of the Slavsky region.Material and methods. To achieve this goal, stock materials of the Kaliningradmeliovodkhoz Administration and information from the Unified Information System in the field of procurement were analyzed.Results and conclusions. It can be concluded from the work that the technical condition of the reclamation systems is still unsatisfactory. The positive trends in land reclamation issues have increased significantly at the moment, which has increased the prospects for changing the situation for the better. Ideally, an increase in today's subsidies by 2-2.5 times is required, with the transition to the following investment ratio: 70% - for network operation, and 30% - for network reconstruction. It is also necessary to implement a number of socio-political decisions.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Signal coloration of young leaves of zucchini in the selection of plants with bi-colored fruit 全文
2021
G. A. Khimich | I. V. Korottseva | A. S. Ermolaev
Signal coloration of young leaves of zucchini in the selection of plants with bi-colored fruit 全文
2021
G. A. Khimich | I. V. Korottseva | A. S. Ermolaev
Relevance. In accordance with the needs of the market, in 2008, a variety of zucchini Russian spaghetti with two-colored fruits was created. We faced difficulties in maintaining a high percentage of two-color forms in the variety population. To solve this problem, we studied the possibility of using markers of young zucchini leaves in the selection of forms with different fruit colors in technical ripeness.Material and conditions. The experience was started in 2005 to 2018 in the open ground on the basis of FSBSI FSVC. In the breeding nursery, research was conducted annually on 30 plants. The color of the fruit was taken into account only in the phase of technical ripeness. The best plants were propagated by incest. In the nursery breeding varieties of Russian spaghetti were sown by family. During 4 years in each family, at different stages of development, 50-100 plants were studied according to the color of the fruit and other economically useful characteristics.Results. For eleven years, incuchination and selection were carried out on two-color forms of zucchini Russian spaghetti to achieve homozygosity and, accordingly, to align the material with the color of the fruit. Some regularities of the influence of the number of integrirovanii on the color of the fruit has not been observed. Continuing to observe the plants, it was possible to establish a relationship between the color of the fruit in technical ripeness and the pattern on the lower (first) leaves. On plants with a marble pattern, the leaves were mostly green (reticulated); with yellow spots on the leaves – two-colored and with completely yellow leaves – yellow fruits. By selecting plants with yellow spots on the leaves in the early stages, in the phase of the 3-4-th real leaves, we were able to increase the percentage of plants with two-colored fruits in the population of the variety to 95.5-100%. All this greatly simplified the original seed production of zucchini Russian spaghetti.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Сигнальная окраска молодых листьев кабачка при отборе растений с двухцветными плодами | Signal coloration of young leaves of zucchini in the selection of plants with bi-colored fruit 全文
2021
Khimich, G.A. | Korottseva, I.V. | Ermolaev, A.S., Federal Research Center of Vegetable Crop Selection, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)
В соответствии с потребностями рынка в 2008 г. был создан сорт кабачка цуккини Русские спагетти с двухцветными плодами. Еще на этапах селекционного процесса столкнулись со сложностями поддержания в популяции сорта высокого процента двухцветных форм. Для решения этой задачи изучали возможность использования маркерных признаков молодых листьев кабачка при отборе форм с различной окраской плода в технической спелости. Опыт был заложен в 2005-2018 гг. в Одинцовском районе Московской области в условиях открытого грунта. В селекционном питомнике исследования проводили ежегодно на 30 растениях. Окраску плодов учитывали только в фазе технической спелости. Лучшие растения размножали путем инцухтирования. В питомнике размножения сорта Русские спагетти проводили посев по семьям. В течение 4-х лет в каждой семье, в различные фазы развития, изучали 50-100 шт. растений по окраске плода и другим хозяйственно полезным признакам. В течение 11 лет проводили инцухтирование и отбор на двухцветных формах кабачка Русские спагетти для достижения гомозиготности и, соответственно, выравнивания материала по окраске плодов. Закономерностей по влиянию количества инцухтирований на окраску плодов не было отмечено. Однако в процессе наблюдений удалось установить взаимосвязь между окраской плода в технической спелости и рисунком на нижних (первых) листьях. На растениях с мраморным рисунком листа завязывались преимущественно зеленые (сетчатые); с желтыми пятнами на листьях – двухцветные и с полностью желтыми листьями – желтые плоды. Отбирая растения с желтыми пятнами на листьях на ранних стадиях (в фазу 3-4 настоящих листьев), получили возможность увеличить в популяции сорта процент растений с двухцветными плодами до 95.5-100%. Все это в значительной степени упростило оригинальное семеноводство кабачка Русские спагетти. | In accordance with the needs of the market, in 2008, a variety of zucchini Russian spaghetti with two-colored fruits was created. There were difficulties in maintaining a high percentage of two-color forms in the variety population. To solve this problem, there was studied the possibility of using markers of young zucchini leaves in the selection of forms with different fruit colors in technical ripeness. The experiment was started in 2005 to 2018 in the open ground. In the breeding nursery, research was conducted annually on 30 plants. The color of the fruit was taken into account only in the phase of technical ripeness. The best plants were propagated by inbreding. In the nursery propagating the variety Russkie Spagetti were sown in families. During 4 years in each family, at different stages of development, 50-100 plants were studied according to the color of the fruit and other economically useful characteristics. For 11 years, inbreeding selection were carried out on two-color forms of zucchini Russian spaghetti to achieve homozygosity and, accordingly, to align the material with the color of the fruit. Some regularities of the influence of the number of integrirovanii on the color of the fruit have not been observed. Continuing to observe the plants, it was possible to establish a relationship between the color of the fruit in technical ripeness and the pattern on the lower (first) leaves. On plants with a marble pattern, the leaves were mostly green (reticulated); with yellow spots on the leaves – two-colored and with completely yellow leaves – yellow fruits. By selecting plants with yellow spots on leaves in the early stages, in the phase of the 3-4-th real leaves, it was possible to increase the percentage of plants with two-colored fruits in the population of the variety to 95.5-100%. All this greatly simplified the original seed production of zucchini Russkie Spagetti.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Determination of the total content of some secondary metabolites in various organs of the Dagestan samples of Capparis herbacea Willd. 全文
2021
F. A. Vagabova | G. K. Radjabov | A. M. Musaev | F. I. Islamova
Relevance, material and methods. Purpose of the work: comparative assessment of the content of the sum of phenolic compounds exhibiting antioxidant activity in various organs of herbaceous capers C. herbacea Willd. The 4 samples of C. herbaceawere collected from natural populations of Dagestan during the flowering and fruiting phases in the summer of 2019. The collected raw materials were divided into fractions (organs), dried in the shade to an air-dry mass, then subjected to further analysis to determine the total content of flavonoids, anthocyanins by the spertrophotometric method on SF-56; the total content of antioxidants by the amperometric method on the instrument of express analysis "Color-Yauza-001-AAA ".Results. During the analysis, good indicators were obtained for the content of the studied compounds. Thus, in terms of the content of flavonoids, the greatest variation is seen in the stems of herbaceous capers (0.34-0.86%) compared to their content in leaves and inflorescences (2.67-2.97% and 2.45-2.90%, respectively). The amount of anthocyanins varies in all organs within the range of 0.05-0.23%. The smallest spread is observed in the total content of antioxidants in the fruits of herbaceous capers (21.35-21.40 mg/l), while in inflorescences this indicator varies greatly (27.44-42.19 mg/l). It is noteworthy that the samples with a high value of antioxidants showed a low content of flavonoids, thereby indicating that flavonoids are not the main components in the antioxidant system of the studied caper species. An important condition determining the variability of the content of phenolic compounds in various plant organs is a complex of abiotic environmental factors. The study of this factor (altitude gradient) revealed a significant relationship with the accumulation of flavonoids in all organs, which has a multi-vector nature (correlation coefficient r*= 0.57; 0.56; -0.47), respectively, in stems, leaves, and inflorescences (P<0,05). A positive relationship in the accumulation of anthocyanins is observed with the height in caper leaves. In all other cases, the connection is random. In addition, the analysis of variance revealed that a large difference in the variability of the studied compounds is observed between individual groups of plants in the absence of intragroup variability.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Variability of morphological parameters of seeds in coriander populations 全文
2021
A. F. Bukharov | V. A. Kharchenko | N. A. Eremina
Variability of morphological parameters of seeds in coriander populations 全文
2021
A. F. Bukharov | V. A. Kharchenko | N. A. Eremina
Relevance and methods. In some Umbelliferae crops, the ratio of the parameters of the seed (the relative length of the embryo) has a significant effect on the ability of seeds to germinate. We studied 10 coriander samples, which showed significant differences in the degree of severity of the main morphological parameters, including the length of the seed, endosperm and embryo.Results. The indicators of the hybrid 5/19 and the variety Stimul significantly exceeded the average value of the population in the length of the seed at 1%, and the sample of the local population from Azerbaijan had the lowest indicator at the 5% level of significance. The endosperm length of the hybrid 5/19, the variety Stimul and the sample of the local population of Egypt exceeded the level of the indicator on average in the experiment. According to the length of the embryo, the Nectar variety, hybrid 5/19 and samples from Egypt and Azerbaijan were at the level of the average value for the experiment. The largest embryo (1.063±0.04) was distinguished by the Commander variety. Four samples significantly exceeded, and the hybrid 11/19 were lower than the average value. Depending on the variety, the coefficient of variation of indicators varied for the length of the embryo (13.9-19.1%), the length of the endosperm (16.4-20.4%) and the length of the seed (15.7-22.1%). The maximum value (0.377) of the IZ/E index, which characterizes the ratio of the size of the embryo and endosperm, was observed in the Commander variety. A close correlation was found between the length of the seed and the length of the endosperm, the correlation coefficient varied from r=0.640 in the Stimul variety to r=0.981 in a sample of the local population of Egypt. A weak or medium correlation was observed between the length of the embryo on the one hand and the length of the endosperm (0.026-0.393) and the seed (0.090 – -0.132) on the other. For the IE/S index, which characterizes the ratio of endosperm size to seed size, the limits (0.893-0.988) of variability were significantly lower. The maximum index (0.988) was found in a sample from Egypt.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Вариабельность морфологических параметров семян в популяциях кориандра | Variability of morphological parameters of seeds in coriander populations 全文
2021
Bukharov, A.F. | Eremina, N.A., All-Russia Research and Development Inst. of Vegetable Crop Selection and Seed Growing, Moscow Region (Russian Federation) | Kharchenko, V.A., Federal Research Center of Vegetable Crop Selection, Moscow Region (Russian Federation)
In some Umbelliferae crops, the relative length of the germ may significantly influence the ability of seeds to germinate especially in extreme conditions. There were studied 10 coriander samples, which showed significant differences in the length of the seed, endosperm and embryo. The hybrid 5/19 and the variety Stimul of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing (FSC VG) significantly exceeded the average value of the population in the length of the seed at 1% significance level, and the sample of the local population from Azerbaijan had the lowest indicator at the 5% level of significance. The endosperm length of the hybrid 5/19, the variety Stimul and the sample of the local population of Egypt exceeded the level of the indicator on average in the experiment. According to the length of the embryo, the Nectar variety, hybrid 5/19 and samples from Egypt and Azerbaijan were at the level of the average experiment value. The largest embryo (1.063±0.04) was represented by the Commander variety. Four samples significantly exceeded, and the hybrid 11/19 was lower than the average value. Depending on the variety, the coefficient of variation of indicators varied for the length of the embryo (13.9-19.1%), the length of the endosperm (16.4-20.4%) and the length of the seed (15.7-22.1%). The maximum value (0.377) of the IZ/E index, which characterizes the ratio of the size of the embryo and endosperm, was observed in the Commander variety. A close correlation was found between the length of the seed and the length of the endosperm, the correlation coefficient varied from r=0.640 in the Stimul variety to r=0.981 in a sample of the local population of Egypt. A weak or medium correlation was observed between the length of the embryo and the length of the endosperm (0.026-0.393) and the seed (0.090–0.132). For the IE/S index, which characterizes the ratio of endosperm size to seed size, the limits of indicator variability (0.893-0.988) were significantly lower. The maximum index (0.988) was found in the sample from Egypt. The length of seed, endosperm and germ may be considered as independent selectively significant traits. The variety Stimul is of outstanding interest for selection. | У некоторых зонтичных культур относительная длина зародыша может существенно повлиять на способность семени к прорастанию, особенно в экстремальных условиях. Изучено 10 образцов кориандра, между которыми выявлены существенные различия по длине семени, эндосперма и зародыша. Гибрид 5/19 и сорт Стимул селекции Федерального научного центра овощеводства (ФНЦО) существенно превышали среднее значение популяции по длине семени при 1%-ном уровне значимости, а образец местной популяции из Азербайджана имел наименьший показатель при 5%-ном уровне значимости. По длине эндосперма гибрид 5/19 (ФНЦО), сорт Стимул и образец местной популяции из Египта превышали уровень показателя в среднем по опыту. По длине зародыша сорт Нектар, гибрид 5/19 (ФНЦО) и образцы из Египта и Азербайджана находились на уровне среднего значения по опыту. Наиболее крупным зародышем (1,063±0,04) отличался сорт Коммандер. Четыре образца существенно превышали, а гибрид 11/19 (ФНЦО) уступал среднему значению. В зависимости от сорта коэффициент вариации показателей изменялся для длины зародыша (13,9-19,1%), длины эндосперма (16,4-20,4 %) и длины семени (15,7-22,1%). Максимальное значение (0,377) индекса IЗ/Э, характеризующего отношение размер зародыша и эндосперма, отмечено у сорта Коммандер. Тесная корреляционная связь выявлена между длиной семени и длиной эндосперма, коэффициент корреляции менялся от r=0,640 у сорта Стимул до r=0,981 у образца местной популяции Египта. Слабая или средняя корреляционная зависимость отмечена между длиной зародыша и длиной эндосперма (0,026-0,393) и семени (от -0,132 до 0,424). Для индекса IЭ/С, характеризующего соотношение размеров эндосперма и семени, пределы изменчивости показателя (0,893-0,988) оказались значительно меньше, максимум (0,988) отмечен у образца из Египта. Длина семени, эндосперма и зародыша могут рассматриваться как независимые селекционно значимые признаки. Наибольший интерес для селекции представляет сорт Стимул.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Genetic sources of resistance to root rots chicory 全文
2021
T. Yu. Polyanina | I. V. Smirnova | O. M. Vyutnova | E. A. Evseeva | N. A. Ratnikova | I. A. Novikova
Relevance. One of the significant problems in the technology of obtaining root chicory is the protection of root vegetables from the defeat of root rots. The most common lesions of root vegetables chicory various pathogenic species of fungi causing phomosis (Phoma rostrupii Sacc.), gray rot (Botrytis cinerea (R.) Fr.J), wet bacterial rot (Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Holt.). An important place in solving this problem is the breeding of new varieties that are resistant to major diseases and adapted to the conditions of cultivation in the soil-climatic conditions of the chicory-seeding zone. This requires, first of all, to determine the range of donor varieties of the sign of resistance to root rots, both during the growing of culture, and during long-term storage.Material and methods. In 2018-2020, studies were carried out to assess gene sources of different ecological and geographical origin (including against a provocative background) in the Non-Black Earth Zone of the Russian Federation and to isolate donors of resistance to root rot from them. Research on the Rostov Vegetable experimental station on chicory.Results. Studies have shown that the defeat of root vegetables chicory root rots genetic sources were very different from each other, so Harpachi, Luxor did not affect the. root rots neither on the usual nor on provocative backgrounds.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Assessment of water footprint of vegetable crops 全文
2021
A. Y. Fedosov | A. M. Menshikh | M. I. Ivanova
Relevance. Agricultural production is the main consumer of water. Globally, about 70% of fresh water is annually used for agricultural (food and non-food) production. Nearly 40% of the world's food supply comes from irrigation. Globally, the scarcity of irrigation water due to competition between industry and urban consumption threatens food security. Future population growth, income growth and changes in nutrition are expected to increase demand for water. The rate of warming in Russia since the mid-1970s about 2.5 times the global average. The highest rate of temperature increase occurs at high latitudes. The entire territory of Russia is subject to warming, both as a whole for the year and in all seasons. Water Footprint Accounting (WF), proposed by the Water Footprint Network (WFN), has the potential to provide important information for water management, especially in water-stressed regions that rely on irrigation to meet food needs.Methodology. The purpose of this systematic review was to collate and synthesize available data on global water use in vegetable production. Searched online databases covering the areas of environment, social sciences, public health, nutrition and agriculture: Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, OvidSP MEDLINE, EconLit, OvidSP AGRIS, EBSCO GreenFILE, and OvidSP CAB Abstracts. The search was conducted using predefined search terms that included the concepts of "vegetable crops" and "water footprint".Results. This article provides a brief overview of the vegetable growing water footprint and the sustainability of the blue water footprint. In general, a high green or overall (green + blue) WF may indicate that the vegetable crops are having low yields or inefficient water use. Low green and high blue WF indicate inefficient use of rainwater, which can lead to overexploitation of surface and groundwater. The water footprint can be considered a good economic ergometer, showing the level of water consumption required to obtain a certain vegetable product, whether it brings economic benefits or not, beneficial to society or not.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Low-volume and thin-layer panoponics in intensive artificial-light culture of cucumber: basics and results of application 全文
2021
O. R. Udalova | L. M. Anikina | G. V. Mirskaya | P. Yu. Kononchuk | G. G. Panova
Low-volume and thin-layer panoponics in intensive artificial-light culture of cucumber: basics and results of application 全文
2021
O. R. Udalova | L. M. Anikina | G. V. Mirskaya | P. Yu. Kononchuk | G. G. Panova
Relevance. The year-round provision of the population of our country with fresh vegetable products remainsis relevant. The creation and widespread implementation of high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative technologies for growing plants in intensive light culture, including the development of new-generation root-dwelling environments, low-volume and thin-layer analogs of soil and systems for providing plants with water and mineral nutrition elements, is one of the promising ways to solve this problem.The purpose. Assessment of the influence of root environment conditions on the production process of cucumber plants in intensive light culture is the aim of our work.Methods. The research was carried out under controlled conditions of intensive artificial-light culture, when growing a hybrid of cucumber Tristan F1 by using of low-volume and thin-layer analogs of soil with the supply of a nutrient solution to the plant roots through a slit capillary and by drip irrigation with the use of plant growing light equipment developed at Agrophysical Institute.Results. Evaluation of the influence of the conditions of the root environment - alow-volume analogue of the soil based on high-moor peat – agrophyte and a thin-layer analog of the soil based on a clay suspension with a feed of nutrient solution through a slit capillary, on the production process of cucumber plants showed that in comparison with the control – a low-volume analog of the soil-agrophyte with a feed of nutrient solution by drip irrigation, there is growth acceleration of the cucumber hybrid Tristan F1 in the form of a positive trend and reliable values; as well as a significant increase in the number of fruits by 38-43%, the weight of fruits by 52-53% from the plant; an increase in the accumulation of raw by 38-40% and dry weight by 27-32% by cucumber leaves; an increase in the leaf surface area by 38-40%, leaf water content by 7.3- 9.6%; a significant or positive trend increase in the content of calcium in cucumber fruits by 18-29%, magnesium by 20-29%, iron by 5-16%, vitamin C by 17-23%, while the content of heavy metals and nitrates does not exceed exceeded the MPC in all variants. Methods of growing plants on low-volume and thin - layer analogs of soil with the supply of a nutrient solution to the roots through a slit capillary can be recommended for any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive light culture.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Low-volume and thin-layer panoponics in intensive artificial-light culture of cucumber: basics and results of application | Малообъемная и тонкослойная панопоника в интенсивной светокультуре огурца: основы и результаты применения 全文
2021
Udalova, O.R. | Anikina, L.M. | Mirskaya, G.V. | Kononchuk, P.Yu. | Panova, G.G., Agrophysics Research and Development Inst., St. Petersburg (Russian Federation)
Создание и широкое внедрение наукоёмких автоматизированных фитотехкомплексов на основе инновационных технологий выращивания растений в интенсивной светокультуре, включающих разработку корнеобитаемых сред нового поколения, малообъёмных и тонкослойных аналогов почвы и систем обеспечения растений водой и элементами минерального питания – один из перспективных путей решения проблемы круглогодичного обеспечения населения овощной продукцией. Цель работы - оценка влияния условий корнеобитаемой среды на продукционный процесс растений огурца в интенсивной светокультуре. Исследования проводили при выращивании партенокарпического гибрида огурца Тристан F1 на аналогах почвы в вегетационных светоустановках, разработанных Институтом агрофизики. Использовали субстрат Агрофит на основе верхового торфа (малообъёмный аналог почвы) и суспензию из кембрийской глины, нанесенную на пористую гидрофильную ткань (тонкослойный аналог почвы). Питательный раствор к корням растений подавали по щелевому капилляру гидрофильной ткани (опыт) или методом капельного полива (контроль). При использовании тонкослойного аналога почвы и подаче питательного раствора по щелевому капилляру наблюдали ускорение развития гибрида огурца Тристан F1. Выявлено статистически достоверное увеличение числа плодов на 38-43%, массы плодов на 52-53% с растения; увеличение накопления сырой на 38-40% и сухой массы на 27- 32% листьями огурца; увеличение площади листовой поверхности на 38-40%, обводнённости листьев на 7,3-9,6%; достоверное или в виде положительной тенденции увеличение содержания в плодах огурца кальция (на 18-29%), магния (на 20-29%), железа (на 5-16%), витамина С (на 17-23%); при этом содержание тяжёлых металлов и нитратов не превышало ПДК во всех вариантах. Методы выращивания растений на малообъёмных и тонкослойных аналогах с поступлением питательного раствора к корням по щелевому капилляру могут быть рекомендованы для применения в любых культивационных сооружениях в условиях интенсивной светокультуры. | The creation and widespread implementation of high-tech automated phytotechnological complexes based on innovative technologies for growing plants in intensive photoculture, including the development of new-generation root-dwelling environments, low-volume and thin-layer analogs of soil and systems for providing plants with water and mineral nutritional elements, is one of the promising ways to solve this problem. The purpose of the work is to assess the influence of root environment conditions on the production process of cucumber plants in intensive photoculture is the aim of our work. The research was carried out by growing parthenocarpous hybrid of cucumber Tristan F1 on the soil counterparts in vegetation photo-installations developed by the Agrophysical Institute. There was used a substrate Agrofit, high-moor peat, low-volume soil counterpart and a Cambrianclay suspension applied to a porous hygrophilous fabric (thin-layer soil counterpart). A nutritional solution to plant roots was supplied through a slit capillary of hygrophilous fabric (experiment) or by drip irrigation (control). When using the thin-layer soil counterpart and supplying nutritional solution through a slit capillary there was observed a growth acceleration of the cucumber hybrid Tristan F1. There was revealed a significant increase in the number of fruits by 38-43%, the weight of fruits by 52-53% from the plant; an increase in the accumulation of raw by 38-40% and dry weight by 27-32% by cucumber leaves; an increase in the leaf surface area by 38-40%, leaf water content by 7.3- 9.6%; a significant or positive trend increase in the content of calcium in cucumber fruits by 18-29%, magnesium by 20-29%, iron by 5-16%, vitamin C by 17-23%, while the content of heavy metals and nitrates does not exceed exceeded the MPC in all variants. Methods of growing plants on low-volume and thin-layer soil counterparts with the supply of a nutrient solution to the roots through a slit capillary can be recommended for use in any cultivation facilities in conditions of intensive photoculture.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Periods of keeping quality and realization of onions depending on the nutrition system 全文
2021
E. V. Yanchenko | A. R. Bebris
Relevance. The production of onions and its preservation for the year-round provision of the population is an important strategic task. In March-May, there is often a shortage of onions due to high storage losses and incorrect determination of the optimal timing of implementation.Methods. Studies on the effect of fertilizers and plant growth regulators on the preservation of onion hybrids were conducted in 2014-2017 at the ARRIVG-branch of the FSVC. We tested 3 hybrids of onions grown in an annual culture on 6 variants of plant nutrition backgrounds. Harvesting of onions (turnips) was carried out manually, followed by drying in a greenhouse and laying for storage in a vegetable storehouse at a temperature of -1...0°C and a humidity of 80-90%.Results and discussion. The optimal duration of storage of new hybrids and the terms of sale of products when stored in cooling conditions for onions. Data on the shelf life and implementation of onion hybrids, depending on the nutrition background, are presented. Mathematical descriptions of the dependences of the total losses of 3 modern hybrids on the duration of storage and the influence of fertilizers and growth regulators are obtained, which is of great practical importance for the agricultural and industrial complex. Conclusions. A positive effect on the preservation of onions of treatments of vegetative plants with solutions of potassium nitrate (10 kg/ha), Zircon (0.25 l/ha) and Tenso Cocktail (0.7 kg/ha) against the background of N90P90K90 was revealed. The maximum yield of marketable products after 7 months of storage at -1...0℃ and 80-90% humidity in Bennito F1 was on the N90P90K90 + KNO3+ Zircon + Tenso Cocktail variant-89,6%, losses from diseases 2,8%; Poisk 012 F1 on the variant with the use of Zircon against the background of N90P90K90-52,1%, losses from diseases 31,2%; Pervenec F1 on the N90P90K90 + KNO3 variant- 91,4%, losses from diseases 1,4%. Pervenec F1 was distinguished by the best preservation during three-and seven-month storage. In general, the use of micro-fertilizers and a growth regulator had a positive effect on the preservation of onions.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Peculiarities of pumpkin carotenoid composition ‘Konfetka’ variety, prospects of utilization 全文
2021
N. A. Golubkina | G. A. Khimich | M. S. Antoshkina | U. D. Plotnikova | S. M. Nadezhkin | I. B. Korottseva
Relevance. Pumpkin is one of the most important source of carotenoids for humans: β- and α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin playing a fundamental role in providing twilight and color vision accordingly.Results. Investigation of pumpkin carotenoid composition, Konfetka variety, revealed for the first time that this cultivar is the only one containing exclusively lutein in pulp with lutein and zeaxanthin in peel and lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene in placenta. Lutein concentration in pulp reached 11 mg/100 g, peel – 41.3/100 g, placenta – 51.2 mg/100 g. Zeaxanthin was absent in pulp and reached 28.3 mg/100 g in peel, and 10 mg/100 g in placenta. β-Carotene was detected only in placenta where its concentration was as much as 94.7 mg/100 g. The results indicate great prospects of ‘Konfetka’ components utilization (pulp, peel, placenta) in food industry, production of baby food and biologically active food additives, containing lutein and zeaxanthin.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Heat-tolerant pepper cultivar exhibits high rates of chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration in heat stress regime at fruit developing stage 全文
2021
S. N. Rajametov | M. C. Cho | K. Lee | H. B. Jeong | E. Y. Yang
Relevance. Abiotic stress, as heat, significantly affect plant and floral organs growth and development, fruit set, productivity, the quality, and survival of crops. Heat injury occurs when plants are exposed to these temperatures for a long period of time. Depending on the intensity and duration of exposure to the high temperatures, photosynthesis, respiration, membrane integrity, water relations and the hormone balance of the plants may affected.Material and methods. In this study used the commercial pepper cultivar “NW Bigarim” (HT37) released in South Korea and accessions “Kobra” (HT1) and “Samchukjaere” (HT7) selected as heat tolerant and susceptible, respectively. Total chlorophyll index and photosynthetic activities measured using a SPAD meter (Konica, Japan) and portable photosynthesis measurement system (LI-6400, LI-COR Bioscience, Lincoln, NE, USA), respectively.Results. To evaluate the positive effects of high temperature regime (40/28°C day/night, 14/10-h light/dark cycle) on the response of photosynthetic parameters in pepper plants with different heat susceptibility, we measured the total chlorophyll content (CHL) and photosynthetic activities such as photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance to H2O (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) in a heat-tolerant (HT1) and -susceptible cultivars (HT7) in comparison with released cultivar (HT37) at fruit development stage. Heat-tolerant cultivars showed higher and more stable index of the CHL, Pn, Gs and Tr than those in heat-sensitive cultivars for 14 days of heat treatment (HT) period. However, the initial index of Pn, Gs and Tr showed significant alteration among pepper plants regardless of thermotolerance rate before HT on day 0 and day 7 after recovery at normal treatment condition (NT) except for CHL, meaning that plants response to high temperature regime is different from that in normal condition. These results suggest that constant high rates of Pn, Gs and Tr as well as of CHL in heat stress condition periods confer to avoid from heat injury during reproductive growth stages.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]