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Adoption and factors affecting on adoption of integrated pest management among vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka 全文
2016
Jayasooriya, H.J.C. | Aheeyar, Mohamed M. M.
Adoption and factors affecting on adoption of integrated pest management among vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka 全文
2016
Jayasooriya, H.J.C. | Aheeyar, Mohamed M. M.
The overuse and misuse of chemical pesticides has widely been reported in vegetable cultivation in Sri Lanka. While safer and environmental friendly pest and disease management methods such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are popular around the world, only little effort has been taken to promote IPM in Sri Lankan vegetable cultivation. Furthermore, farmers have not shown much interest on practicing IPM in vegetable cultivation. However, the level of IPM adoption by vegetable farmers and the factors influencing the adoption and strategies to promote IPM in vegetable cultivation have not been identified. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the level of IPM adoption and factors influencing the adoption of IPM in vegetable cultivation and to understand the strategies for promoting vegetable IPM in future. Primary data was collected by interviewing 290 farmer households. ‘Level of adoption’ and ‘farmers’ knowledge’ on nine practices used in IPM technique were tested and nine socio-economic variables were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the IPM adoption. Findings indicated that the main income source of the majority (68%) of respondents was from vegetable farming from which at least half of their household income was secured. A total of 47% farmers apply chemical pesticides before pests or diseases appear in the field as a routine activity, and without considering the ‘economic threshold level’. Although the majority (60%) of farmers have used the recommended dosage in spraying, mixing several pesticides when applying was common. According to the findings, although the term IPM was familiar to 44% of respondents, only 20% s had a certain level of understanding on the IPM technique. The adoption of IPM practices among farmers was not at a satisfactory level. Practices known and followed for a long time were better adopted compared to the practices which are relatively novel. Results also showed that despite the adoption of these practices, understanding of farmers regarding the benefits and the appropriate use of such practices was not at a satisfactory level. “Farmers’ knowledge on IPM” had a positive impact while the “proportionate income from vegetable cultivation” was negative on the level of IPM adoption. In addition, the results showed that gaps in policy and institutional setup, negative attitudes of farmers and officers on IPM were conduce for the lower adoption level of IPM in the vegetable cultivation.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Adoption and Factors Affecting on Adoption of Integrated Pest Management among Vegetable Farmers in Sri Lanka 全文
2016
Jayasooriya, H.J.C. | Aheeyar, M.M.M.
The overuse and misuse of chemical pesticides has widely been reported in vegetable cultivation in Sri Lanka. While safer and environmental friendly pest and disease management methods such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are popular around the world, only little effort has been taken to promote IPM in Sri Lankan vegetable cultivation. Furthermore, farmers have not shown much interest on practicing IPM in vegetable cultivation. However, the level of IPM adoption by vegetable farmers and the factors influencing the adoption and strategies to promote IPM in vegetable cultivation have not been identified. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the level of IPM adoption and factors influencing the adoption of IPM in vegetable cultivation and to understand the strategies for promoting vegetable IPM in future. Primary data was collected by interviewing 290 farmer households. ‘Level of adoption’ and ‘farmers’ knowledge’ on nine practices used in IPM technique were tested and nine socio-economic variables were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the IPM adoption. Findings indicated that the main income source of the majority (68%) of respondents was from vegetable farming from which at least half of their household income was secured. A total of 47% farmers apply chemical pesticides before pests or diseases appear in the field as a routine activity, and without considering the ‘economic threshold level’. Although the majority (60%) of farmers have used the recommended dosage in spraying, mixing several pesticides when applying was common. According to the findings, although the term IPM was familiar to 44% of respondents, only 20% s had a certain level of understanding on the IPM technique. The adoption of IPM practices among farmers was not at a satisfactory level. Practices known and followed for a long time were better adopted compared to the practices which are relatively novel. Results also showed that despite the adoption of these practices, understanding of farmers regarding the benefits and the appropriate use of such practices was not at a satisfactory level. “Farmers’ knowledge on IPM” had a positive impact while the “proportionate income from vegetable cultivation” was negative on the level of IPM adoption. In addition, the results showed that gaps in policy and institutional setup, negative attitudes of farmers and officers on IPM were conduce for the lower adoption level of IPM in the vegetable cultivation.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Adoption and factors affecting on adoption of integrated pest management among vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka 全文
2016
Jayasooriya, H. J. C. | Aheeyar, Mohamed M. M.
The overuse and misuse of chemical pesticides has widely been reported in vegetable cultivation in Sri Lanka. While safer and environmental friendly pest and disease management methods such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are popular around the world, only little effort has been taken to promote IPM in Sri Lankan vegetable cultivation. Furthermore, farmers have not shown much interest on practicing IPM in vegetable cultivation. However, the level of IPM adoption by vegetable farmers and the factors influencing the adoption and strategies to promote IPM in vegetable cultivation have not been identified. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the level of IPM adoption and factors influencing the adoption of IPM in vegetable cultivation and to understand the strategies for promoting vegetable IPM in future. Primary data was collected by interviewing 290 farmer households. ‘Level of adoption’ and ‘farmers’ knowledge’ on nine practices used in IPM technique were tested and nine socio-economic variables were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the IPM adoption. Findings indicated that the main income source of the majority (68%) of respondents was from vegetable farming from which at least half of their household income was secured. A total of 47% farmers apply chemical pesticides before pests or diseases appear in the field as a routine activity, and without considering the ‘economic threshold level’. Although the majority (60%) of farmers have used the recommended dosage in spraying, mixing several pesticides when applying was common. According to the findings, although the term IPM was familiar to 44% of respondents, only 20% s had a certain level of understanding on the IPM technique. The adoption of IPM practices among farmers was not at a satisfactory level. Practices known and followed for a long time were better adopted compared to the practices which are relatively novel. Results also showed that despite the adoption of these practices, understanding of farmers regarding the benefits and the appropriate use of such practices was not at a satisfactory level. “Farmers’ knowledge on IPM” had a positive impact while the “proportionate income from vegetable cultivation” was negative on the level of IPM adoption. In addition, the results showed that gaps in policy and institutional setup, negative attitudes of farmers and officers on IPM were conduce for the lower adoption level of IPM in the vegetable cultivation.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Applying ecological engineering for sustainable and resilient rice production systems 全文
2016
Horgan, Finbarr G. | Ramal, Angelee Fame | Bernal, Carmencita C. | Villegas, James M. | Stuart, Alexander M. | Almazan, Maria L.P.
Applying ecological engineering for sustainable and resilient rice production systems 全文
2016
Horgan, Finbarr G. | Ramal, Angelee Fame | Bernal, Carmencita C. | Villegas, James M. | Stuart, Alexander M. | Almazan, Maria L.P.
Global changes will affect rice ecosystems at local levels. Although issues of climate change have received most attention, other global changes will have more immediate impacts on crop productivity and health. These changes include the phenomenal advances in modern industrial output, especially in China and India, in mechanization, in communications technology and advertizing, in transportation networks and connectivity, as well as demographic shifts toward urban centers. Driven by policies around food security, market impacts on crop production, and trade regulations, these changes will define crop production systems into the future, impacting rice biodiversity and ecosystem function and giving rise to new pest and disease scenarios. This paper presents a framework for a holistic approach to ‘rice ecosystem health’ aimed at securing food production while protecting farmer, consumer and ecosystem health. Recent advances in environmentally friendly agriculture, including ecological engineering, are central to the sustainability and resilience of rice ecosystems; but require support from policy to ensure their best effects. This paper introduces some recent advances in the methods of ecological engineering based on research conducted in the Philippines
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Applying Ecological Engineering for Sustainable and Resilient Rice Production Systems 全文
2016
Horgan, Finbarr G. | Ramal, Angelee Fame | Bernal, Carmencita C. | Villegas, James M. | Stuart, Alexander M. | Almazan, Maria L.P.
Global changes will affect rice ecosystems at local levels. Although issues of climate change have received most attention, other global changes will have more immediate impacts on crop productivity and health. These changes include the phenomenal advances in modern industrial output, especially in China and India, in mechanization, in communications technology and advertizing, in transportation networks and connectivity, as well as demographic shifts toward urban centers. Driven by policies around food security, market impacts on crop production, and trade regulations, these changes will define crop production systems into the future, impacting rice biodiversity and ecosystem function and giving rise to new pest and disease scenarios. This paper presents a framework for a holistic approach to ‘rice ecosystem health’ aimed at securing food production while protecting farmer, consumer and ecosystem health. Recent advances in environmentally friendly agriculture, including ecological engineering, are central to the sustainability and resilience of rice ecosystems; but require support from policy to ensure their best effects. This paper introduces some recent advances in the methods of ecological engineering based on research conducted in the Philippines.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Online ice crystal size measurements by the focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) during sorbet freezing | Mesures en ligne de la taille de cristaux de glace par la méthode de réflexion du faisceau focalisé (FBRM) lors de la congélation sorbet 全文
2011
Arellano, M. | González, J. E. | Alvarez, G. | Benkhelifa, Hayat | Flick, D. | Leducq, Denis | Génie des procédés frigorifiques (UR GPAN) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Ingénierie Procédés Aliments (GENIAL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] (Cnam)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]SPEE | International audience | The ice crystal size distribution determines in part the textural properties of sorbet and ice cream. During sorbet and ice cream manufacturing, a narrow ice crystal size distribution with a small mean size is desired, in order to obtain a smooth texture in the final product. This research studied the influence of the mix flow rate, the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant fluid and the dasher speed on the ice crystal size and the draw temperature during sorbet freezing, so as to identify optimal operating conditions. The evolution of the ice crystal size was followed by the focused beam reflectance method (FBRM), which uses an in situ sensor that provides accurate and repeatable information about the chord length distribution (CLD) of ice crystals. Our results showed that the FBRM sensor is a promising tool which makes it possible to monitor online the development of the ice crystals in sorbets containing up to 40% of ice. Decreasing the refrigerant fluid temperature allows us to reduce the ice crystal size and to lower the product's temperature, due to the increase of the supercooling driving force. High dasher speeds slightly decrease the ice crystal chord length, due to the attrition of the bigger ice crystals, which produces new smaller ice nuclei by secondary nucleation. Also, an increase of the dasher speed slightly warms the product, due to the dissipation of frictional energy into the product. Low mix flow rates result in lower draw temperatures because the product remains longer in contact with the freezer wall extracting thus more heat from the product.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of processing on rheological, structural and sensory properties of apple puree 全文
2011
Espinosa, Lucia | To, Nina | Symoneaux, Ronan | Renard, Catherine | Biau, Nicolas | Cuvelier, Gerard | Génie industriel alimentaire (GENIAL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] (Cnam) | Groupe de Recherche en Agroalimentaire sur les Produits et les Procédés (GRAPPE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Supérieure des Agricultures (ESA) | Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Domaine du Grand Frigolet ; Conserves France
The relation between rheological, structural and sensory properties of apple purees was studied taking into account the effect of processing. For this reason, a grinding - separation strategy was established in order to vary pulp content and particle size. By grinding, three different particle size distributions were obtained. A second heat treatment was applied to purees to see the impact on its rheological and structural properties. An experimental design was constructed, with two factors (pulp content and particle size) and 4 levels (25, 31, 42, 60 %) for pulp content and 3 levels (200, 500, 1100 m) for particle size. The rheological properties of purees were characterized using a controlled stress rheometer by the flow curves obtained from 2.14 to 214 s-1 shear rate range; frequency sweeps measurements were performed within the linear viscoelastic region, in the range of 0.1-40 rad/s. Purees behaved as shear-thinning fluids presenting a yield stress. Apparent viscosity and yield stress increased as pulp content increased, and they decreased as particle size decreased. The least shear thinning behaviour was observed in purees with low pulp content and small particles. A second heat treatment affected cell wall structure inducing a decrease of the rheological properties of the puree. The most important attributes to explain the texture of apple purees are consistency and graininess, parameters that can be manipulated by controlling processing conditions.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Online ice crystal size measurements by the focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) during sorbet freezing | Mesures en ligne de la taille de cristaux de glace par la méthode de réflexion du faisceau focalisé (FBRM) lors de la congélation sorbet 全文
2011
Arellano, M. | González, J. E. | Alvarez, G. | Benkhelifa, Hayat | Flick, D. | Leducq, Denis | Génie des procédés frigorifiques (UR GPAN) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Ingénierie Procédés Aliments (GENIAL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM) ; HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]SPEE | International audience | The ice crystal size distribution determines in part the textural properties of sorbet and ice cream. During sorbet and ice cream manufacturing, a narrow ice crystal size distribution with a small mean size is desired, in order to obtain a smooth texture in the final product. This research studied the influence of the mix flow rate, the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant fluid and the dasher speed on the ice crystal size and the draw temperature during sorbet freezing, so as to identify optimal operating conditions. The evolution of the ice crystal size was followed by the focused beam reflectance method (FBRM), which uses an in situ sensor that provides accurate and repeatable information about the chord length distribution (CLD) of ice crystals. Our results showed that the FBRM sensor is a promising tool which makes it possible to monitor online the development of the ice crystals in sorbets containing up to 40% of ice. Decreasing the refrigerant fluid temperature allows us to reduce the ice crystal size and to lower the product's temperature, due to the increase of the supercooling driving force. High dasher speeds slightly decrease the ice crystal chord length, due to the attrition of the bigger ice crystals, which produces new smaller ice nuclei by secondary nucleation. Also, an increase of the dasher speed slightly warms the product, due to the dissipation of frictional energy into the product. Low mix flow rates result in lower draw temperatures because the product remains longer in contact with the freezer wall extracting thus more heat from the product.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Is food safety compatible with food waste prevention and sustainability of the food chain? 全文
2016
Guillier, Laurent | Duret, Steven | Hoang, Hong-Minh | Flick, Denis | Laguerre, Onrawee | Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Ingénierie, Procédés, Aliments (GENIAL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Is food safety compatible with food waste prevention and sustainability of the food chain? 全文
2016
Guillier, Laurent | Duret, Steven | Hoang, Hong-Minh | Flick, Denis | Laguerre, Onrawee | Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Ingénierie, Procédés, Aliments (GENIAL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
International audience | In a context where the sustainability of food chains and food waste prevention are subjects of interest for public authorities and professionals, it is important to assess if these new objectives of food policy are compatible with food safety. The objective of this work was to develop a global model for a ready-to-eat meat product that provides three different outputs, i.e. energy consumption, percentage of spoiled products and exposure levels of Listeria monocytogenes. First a cold chain model was developed. The cold chain model was then coupled with (i) predictive microbiology models and (ii) energy consumption models for cold equipments. Various scenarios were tested for assessing the consequences of potential changes in cold chain equipment on safety, food waste and energy cost. This global approach could help policy makers in decision making.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Is Food Safety Compatible with Food Waste Prevention and Sustainability of the Food Chain? 全文
2016
Guillier, Laurent | Duret, Steven | Hoang, Hong-Minh | Flick, Denis | Laguerre, Onrawee
In a context where the sustainability of food chains and food waste prevention are subjects of interest for public authorities and professionals, it is important to assess if these new objectives of food policy are compatible with food safety. The objective of this work was to develop a global model for a ready-to-eat meat product that provides three different outputs, i.e. energy consumption, percentage of spoiled products and exposure levels of Listeria monocytogenes. First a cold chain model was developed. The cold chain model was then coupled with (i) predictive microbiology models and (ii) energy consumption models for cold equipments. Various scenarios were tested for assessing the consequences of potential changes in cold chain equipment on safety, food waste and energy cost. This global approach could help policy makers in decision making.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Is food safety compatible with food waste prevention and sustainability of the food chain? 全文
2016
Guillier, Laurent | Duret, Steven | Hoang, Hong-Minh | Flick, D. | Laguerre, Onrawee | Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Génie des procédés frigorifiques (UR GPAN) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Ingénierie Procédés Aliments (GENIAL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM) ; HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]SPEE | International audience | In a context where the sustainability of food chains and food waste prevention are subjects of interest for public authorities and professionals, it is important to assess if these new objectives of food policy are compatible with food safety. The objective of this work was to develop a global model for a ready-to-eat meat product that provides three different outputs, i.e. energy consumption, percentage of spoiled products and exposure levels of Listeria monocytogenes. First a cold chain model was developed. The cold chain model was then coupled with (i) predictive microbiology models and (ii) energy consumption models for cold equipments. Various scenarios were tested for assessing the consequences of potential changes in cold chain equipment on safety, food waste and energy cost. This global approach could help policy makers in decision making.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Is food safety compatible with food waste prevention and sustainability of the food chain? 全文
2016
Guillier, Laurent | Duret, Steven | Hoang, Hong-Minh | Flick, D. | Laguerre, Onrawee | Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Génie des procédés frigorifiques (UR GPAN) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Ingénierie Procédés Aliments (GENIAL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] (Cnam)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]SPEE | International audience | In a context where the sustainability of food chains and food waste prevention are subjects of interest for public authorities and professionals, it is important to assess if these new objectives of food policy are compatible with food safety. The objective of this work was to develop a global model for a ready-to-eat meat product that provides three different outputs, i.e. energy consumption, percentage of spoiled products and exposure levels of Listeria monocytogenes. First a cold chain model was developed. The cold chain model was then coupled with (i) predictive microbiology models and (ii) energy consumption models for cold equipments. Various scenarios were tested for assessing the consequences of potential changes in cold chain equipment on safety, food waste and energy cost. This global approach could help policy makers in decision making.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatments on physicochemical properties, microbial quality and sensory attributes of beef carpaccio 全文
2011
Szerman, Natalia | Barrio, Yanina Ximena | Schroeder, Belén | Martinez, Paula | Sancho, Ana Maria | Sanow, Luis Claudio | Vaudagna, Sergio Ramon
11th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF11), Atenas, Grecia, 22-26 May 2011 | The application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to fresh and marinated beef has not had the same development as cooked or cured meat products. The limited commercial application of HHP on these products is due to the significant discoloration observed. In the present work, it was studied the application of HHP treatments on frozen or thawed carpaccio samples at three pressure levels (400, 500 and 600MPa) during 5 min at refrigeration temperatures (0 and 5°C) and room temperature (20°C). Carpaccio was prepared using Semitendinosus beef muscle marinated with antioxidant and preservative additives. Analyses performed in all samples were: expressible moisture, pH, shear force, work of shearing, CIELab chromatic parameters, sensory appearance and aerobic total count (ATC) at 30ºC. There was no temperature effect on HHP processing of thawed (5 and 20°C) or frozen (0 and 5°C) samples. Pressure level effect was only observed on ATC and work of shearing of thawed treated samples. Frozen conditioning of carpaccio previous to HHP treatments reduced the harmful effects of pressure on chromatic parameters (L*, a* and b*) and water holding capacity. This could evidence a minimization of the denaturation of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. It was observed a lower effectiveness of HHP treatments on microorganisms’ inactivation for frozen carpaccio than for thawed one. | Fil: Szerman, Natalia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. | Fil: Barrio, Yanina Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. | Fil: Schroeder, Belén. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. | Fil: Martinez, Paula. Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. | Fil: Sancho, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. | Fil: Sanow, Luis Claudio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. | Fil: Vaudagna, Sergio Ramon. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Universidad Argentina de la Empresa. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas ; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of fibers and whole grain content on quality attributes 全文
2011
Chassagne-Berces, Sophie | Leitner, Michael | Melado Herreros, Angela | Barreiro Elorza, Pilar | Correa Hernando, Eva Cristina | Blank, Imre | Gumy, Jean Claude | Chanvrier, Helene
Incorporation of fiber in cereals may lead to quality issues, thus decreasing consumer acceptance. This is partially due to deterioration of the microstructure, one of the primary quality attributes of cereals. The objective of this study was to better understand the mechanisms by which dietary fibers affect the quality of cereal products during extrusioncooking. The study quantified the effect of amount and type of fiber and whole grain on (i) texture, (ii) structure, and (iii) rehydration properties of extruded cereals. New innovative methods were applied and combined with traditional techniques to characterize both the structure and the rehydration properties. Extruded cereals were produced using a starch-based recipe (whole and wheat flours) and two sources of fibers (oat bran concentrate and wheat bran). The oat and wheat bran levels used in this study were 0, 10, and 20%. The different mixtures were extruded in a pilot twinscrew extruder BC21 (Clextral) and then sugar coated after drying. Mechanical properties of extruded cereals were investigated by compression test. The cellular structure was observed by X-ray tomography. The quality of coating (thickness, homogeneity) was analyzed by optical coherence tomography. The rehydration properties of such cereals in milk were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography. This work revealed that structure assessment of extruded cereals may lead to a better understanding of the effect of fiber addition on texture and rehydration properties. The application of innovative methods, such as optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, was found to be useful to quantify the structural properties.
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