During summer seasons of 2015 and 2017, a field experiment was conducted at the Research and Experimental Station (30°19′ N, 31°16′ E), Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University at Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt, to investi-gate the effects of combinations between hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles (0, 3, and 6 kg/fad) and cal-cium carbonate nanoparticles (0, 500g/fad) as nano-fertilizers under irrigaton intervals, (irrigation every 2 or 3 weeks whereas irrigation every 2 weeks as a recommended practice) on growth of soybean plants. Irrigation intervals had statistically significant effect on plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, number of root nodules per plant, root dry weight per plant, stem dry weight per plant, leaves dry weight per plant and pods dry weight per plant. These results were fairly true in the two studied seasons 2015, 2017 and combined result. plant height, numbers of branches per plant, numbers of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of nodules per plant and number of pods per plant of soybean plants which treated with 500 g/fed surpassed untreated plants in the two studied seasons 2015, 2017 and com-bined. Soybean plants treated with 6 kg hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles per feddan out-numbered other plants in its numbers of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of root nodules per plant and number of pods per plant in the two growing sea-sons 2015, 2017 and combined data. Results showed that normal irrigation x 500g/fed calcium carbonate nanoparticles x 6kg/fed hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles was the effective combination for producing the highest values of plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of pods per plant, number of root nodules per plant, root dry weight per plant (g), stem dry weight per plant (g), leaves dry weight per plant (g) and pods dry weight per plant (g). There weren’t significant results be-tween plants treated with nano-mineral fertilizers under irrigation every 3 week and plants untreated but irrigated every 2 week in all growth traits, which reflect appositive result of this chemical substance in mitigation harmful effect of water shortage in season 2015, 2017 and combined data.

The present study was conducted to prepare nano-chitosan particles (CN) by ultrafine grinding  from crude chitosan powder (CC) using a ball mill with 130 numbers of zirconia beads in range from 0.5 to 1.5 mm diameter (75 beads 0.5 mm diameter, 30 beads 1.0 mm diameter and 25 beads 1.5 mm diameter). In addition, physical and rheological properties of chitosan solutions were determined. The results revealed that ultrafine grinding has effectively milled the chitosan particles to nanoscale. Prepared chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by  devices  X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Zetasizer particle sizes and Zeta potential of chitosan particles (after milling for 30, 60 and 90 minutes). The particle size of nano-chitosan was distributed in a range of 250-600 nm. with a polydispersity index use as an anti-oxidant and antimicrobial with reducing the amount used to deliver the desired purpose. Additional research is required to further investigate the potential value-added utilization of these chitosan derivatives in improving the quality and safety of some food products.

Twenty-one new promising lines in addition to four standard cultivars of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated under eight environmental conditions (four sowing dates in two seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used for each sowing date at Barrage Horticulture Research Station (BHRS), Qalubia Governorate, Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt. Data were recorded for some traits i.e., number of days to flowering, pod length, pod diameter, fiber content, total green yield and rust disease severity. The results showed that the linear response of environments was highly significant for all studied characters, indicating the differences between environmental conditions and their considerable influence on these traits. Mean squares of genotypes (G) were highly significant for all studied traits, suggesting the presence of wide range of differences between studied genotypes concerning all investigated traits. Mean squares of the other main sources of variation, i.e., years (Y) and sowing dates (D) were also highly significant for all traits except year for total green yield/feddan trait. The mean square due to environment + (Genotypes × Environment) was significant for all studied traits, indicating that there was a considerable interaction of genotypes with environmental condition in different eight environments. Significance of Genotypes × Environment (linear), reveals that genotypes differed in their considerably across different environments. The linear response of environments was highly significant for total green yield trait, indicating that genotypes differed in their regression on the environmental index. The results of stability analysis conclude that the six new lines G1, G2, G3, G7, G10 and G18, were the most stable genotypes, which gave the maximum total green yield overall the eight studied environments and were adapted to environments for total green yield. It is evident that these genotypes could be used as stress tolerant genotypes under stressed environments.

Facing the food industry in Egypt, the challenges of external and internal negative impact on their competitiveness and access to global markets and the study showed that the number of enterprises operating in this sector amounted to about 37.7 thousand that run around 357 thousand workers. It also represents the food exports of approximately 31.7% and 14.3% of the total value of exports of industrial goods and the College Rankings 2016, the average annual value of the products of that sector, about 21.4 million pounds, accounted for about 31% of the value of industrial production for the same year. The research problem was the small size of the internal and external markets of frozen Egyptian vegetables. Despite the increasing global demand for frozen products, Egyptian exports do not increase at the expected rate. The rate of increase in global demand for frozen food products exceeds 510% annually, Compared to its Egyptian counterparts. The study aimed at studying the internal and external markets of Egyptian frozen vegetables. The study aims at identifying the economic characteristics of the local market for frozen vegetables in general, and in particular for the field sample of vegetable freezing plants and processing them in addition to the internal markets for marketing these vegetables. Prices, categories and consumer attitudes towards them. The study was based mainly  on the available and available data published and unpublished by government agencies such as the Central Administration of Agricultural Economics in the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the General Organization for Industrialization, the Chamber of Food Industries in the Federation of Industries, the Commodity Council for Food Industries, the Holding Company for Food Industries, the Commercial Representation Authority, General for Export and Import Control, as well as foreign trade base data at the National Information Center of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. And the most important results as follows that the difference between the prices of the products, vegetables, frozen for different companies in Super accumulator different varieties where ranked Alabama to buy smile from the above parties between the varieties by about 71% of the total parties the company has a smile, and then are classified Mallow estimated at around 14.8 % of the total group has a company-Bessemer, as expected from the results I classified the grape of the biggest differences between varieties increased by approximately 26.7% of the total team purchase Montana, the following varieties of spinach increased by approximately 24.4 % of the total group company Montana.

Pot experiments were carried out using sand (collected from Ismailia ARS), in the greenhouse to study the effect of biochar application, on K and P release from their natural bearing minerals i.e.,K- feldspar and rock phosphate and\or bentonite on some growth of maize plants parameters, their P and k uptake and the soil available P and K. sixty three pots ever filled with sand(10 kg each biochar was added to all pots expect control at rates 0,1.5 , 3 ton per fed. The studied mineral are K feldspar and rock phosphate as source of K and P respectively. Bentonite was also studied because it is the most common mineral used for reclamation of sandy soil .Each mineral was added at rate of 0,1.5, 3 ton / fed the pots are as follow : biochar alone , biochar + K feldspar and biochar +bentonite and biochar and rock phosphate . maize was planted as the common way in which maize seed 6 grains for each pot inoculated with P and K solubilizing bacteria were planted . the usual N fertilizer (NH4 )2SO4 200kg /fed and irrigated as needed . Maize grow parameter i.e plant height and dry weight of maize plant were measured after 2 months of plantation . K and P as well as their uptake were measure. Results revealed that, the use of biochar at 3 tons fed-1 in combination with 3 tons of any of feldspar, bentonite or rock phosphate enhanced significantly growth parameters of maize plants compared to the control treatments .The highest values plant length and dry matter were were 89.00 cm, 11.4 g pot-1 against 36.6 cm and 2.8 g pot-1 for the control treatments., same treatments increased significantly P and K uptake of maize plants and the soil available p and K compared to the control treatments. The highest significant values in P uptake were 22.5, 18.3 & 16.7 mg plant-1 for the treatments (3 tons fed-1)of biochar with either 3ton rock phosphate ,3ton bentonite or 3 ton K-feldspar .while K uptake were 63.9, 61.8 & 60.1 mg plant -1 for biochar ( 3 tons fed-1 )with bentonite (3 tons fed-1 ), feldspar (3 tons fed-1 ) and bentonite (1.5 tons fed-1 ). Regarding available P the highest obtained values were 49.3 mg Kg -1 for 3 ton biochar + 3ton rock phosphate , 24.1 mg Kg -1 for 3 ton biochar + 1.5 ton bentonite and 24.0 mg/ kg-1 for 3 ton biochar + 1.5 ton K- feldspar. Increase either K- feldspar or bentonite to 3 ton had negative effect on available p .

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, et al. (1995) is one of the most important bacterial diseases over the world. This study was planned to control the disease using interaction between biotic and abiotic agents, under greenhouse experiment. In vitro, tested bactericides (gentamycin, ceflaxcin and copper sulphate) were decreased growth of R. solanacerum compared with control treatment. Copper sulphate was the most effective compared with ceflaxcin and gentamycin, but ceflaxcin was moderately effective and gentamycin was less effective against the pathogen. Inhibition zone diameter was increased with increasing concentrations of tested bactericides. Application of different bio-agent isolates (Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtitlis, Bacillus megaterium and Serratia mareacescne) were reduced the growth of the pathogen compared with control treatment. B. subtilis isolate was the most effective, but isolates of Ps. fluorescens and B. megaterium were moderately effective and S. marescences isolate was less effective against the pathogen. Greenhouse experiments, disease severity were decreased and potato yield were increased with interaction between bio-agents (Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescence isolates) and bactericides (gentamycin and ceflaxcin), or bio-agents and resistance inducers factors (salicylic acid and jasmonic acid) or bactericides and resistance inducers factors compared with control treatment. However, interaction between bio-agents as tuber treatment and bactericides as soil drench treatment or interactions between bactericides as soil drench treatment and resistance inducers as foliar treatment were the most effective against the disease and the yield. But, interactions between bio-agents as soil drench treatment and resistance inducers as foliar treatment were moderately effective to control the disease and the yield. But, interaction between ceflaxcin as bactericide and Ps. fluorescens isolate as bio-agent or salicylic acid as resistance inducer were the most effective on disease severity and the yield compared with other treatments, but interaction between B. subtilis isolate as bio-agent and jasmonic acid as resistance inducer were less effective compared with other treatment.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of testosterone propionate (TP) on hatchability, chick measurements and some plasma metabolites in Dokki- 4 strain of chickens during embryogenesis stage. A total of 350 fertile eggs (45-55 g. in average) were individually weighed and incubated .At the 5th day of incubation, eggs were divided into 3 experimental groups as follow; control(C) non-injected groups ,while the other groups T1 and T2 eggs were injected in albumin with 25 and 100µg TP solvated in 50µl plant oil.  Results showed that hatchability % was significantly decreased in-ovo injected groups by 1214%than control groups, while embryonic mortality rate was increased by in-ovo injection with TP. Chick weight, total protein, albumin, calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in TP injection than control .Also, male chicks % based on the visual examination was increased by TP in –ovo injection than control.   In conclusion: in-ovo injection of TP at the 5th day of incubation with 25 and 100µg TP/50µl plant oil had decreased the hatchability %, but increased embryonic mortality, some plasma constituents, male% ,chick weight and chick length in Dokki-4 strain of chickens.

The use of food additives must be under control  specially with the improvement of many diseases such as cancer disease which became the most threaten disease all over the world, although there had become more health aware and medical culture, many unhealthy food products are  being consumed increasely, so it became very important to study some food product’s mutagenicity. Detecting mutagenicity with short term assay with high percentage sensitivity are specifications available at Ames test with the mutated Salmonella typhimiurium strains and the reverse growth of the mutated bacteria was an indicator to the sample tested mutagenicity .The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of adding sodium nitrite salt with various levels on mutagenicity in two of processed meat products (pastirma and luncheon) using Ames test. The results gave  in the tested samples  sign of mutagenicity at low concentrations and high reverse growth at higher concentrations , sodium nitrite extract gave highest mutagenicity at 10% (1.5 ml dose ) concentration , pastirma extract gave highest mutagenicity at 10% concentration (2 ml dose ) and luncheon extract gave highest mutagenicity at 100% concentration.

The issue of  water resources using which make the best using  stayed one of the most important issue  which Egyptian society suffer from on the two levels  individual  and national .  The research depended for a achieving his goals on the discriptive and statistical method which representative on linear programmar method and the researcher depended on the data which be published by research associations such as the central agency for the general mobilization and statistics and ministry of agriculture and  reclaimation the lands.  The research showed that the limitations of crops combination are (the agricultural land – the water resources) and the constraints which be used in linear programmar model are (crops area- feddan return net) and by the looking for the   actual crops combination we can observe that it consist of (42 crops divided into (17 winter crops – 13 summer crops- 6 nile  crops- 6 fruits) and from the research results showed that the gross water amount was (46271.5) million m3 and the water amount for the winter crops was (14870.7) million m3 and the water amount for the summer crops was (23552.6) million m3 whereas the nile crops was (1041) million m3 and the fruits was (6807.2) million m3 and which related to the crops area the results showed that the gross area was (13678254.7) feddan and the winter crops was (6613977.2) feddan whereas the summer crops was (5325536.7) feddan and the nile crops was (392740.8) and which related to the fruits was (1246000) feddan

The influences of grafting treatments (6001 and Star rootstocks in addition to, check nongrafted transplants) and some foliar spray treatments (potassium silicate at rate 4 and 5 ml/L, calcium at rate 1 and 2 ml/L and check) on growth, yield and fruit quality of watermelon cv. Aswan F1 were investigated. The experiment was conducted in Baloza Research Station, Desert Research Center, at North Sinai Governorate during the two successive growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. The results indicated that plants sprayed with potassium silicate at a rate 5 ml/L or grafted onto Star rootstock recorded the highest significant values on transplant stand (success) percentage, vegetative growth characteristics (plant length, fresh and dry weight), yield and its components (fruit weight, fruit size, rind and flesh thickness and total yield), while the lowest values were observed in check nongrafted plants. Meanwhile, grafting had reducing effect on fruit quality, where the highest values of total soluble solids and total sugars were found in the fruits of nongrafted plants. The application of 5 ml/L potassium silicate gave the best significant values of TSS and total sugars compared with check treatment during the two studied seasons.