In the present study, two molecular biology tools based on DNA were compared in the differentiating between some microbial strains isolated from soil. Two types (16SrRNA and 18SrRNA) of ribosomal RNA genes were used for identification of the four bacterial and three fungal isolates, respectively. The identified microbial isolates were submitted in GenBank as strains of Escherichia coli MSL-19 (LC455952.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB-1 (LC455953.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB2 (LC455954.1); Bacillus sp. MSLB3 (LC455955.1); Penicillium sp. MLSP1 (LC455956.1); Aspergillus niger MLSAs1 (LC455958.1); Aspergillus sp. MLSAs2 (LC455959.1). The DNA obtained from the seven microbial strains was used as templates for RAPDPCR differentiating in the presence of eight random primers. Electrophoresis analysis was performed, and on scoring, the identity percentages between the bacterial and fungal strains were separately analyzed. A percentage of 82-83% was recorded between the E. coli and the three Bacillus strains, while, identities of 93-98% were recorded between the three Bacillus strains. Similar trend (90-96%) was observed between the Penicillium and Aspergillus strains. Results confirmed that identities based on the two ribosomal RNA genes (82-98%) was higher than that of RAPD-PCR (70.0-79.7%), and this is because of ribosomal RNA genes are in limited sizes (~1500-1600 bp) and specific for differentiating species, while RAPD-PCR tool depends on using some random primers could be recorded on the whole genome. The phylogenetic trees based on the two molecular  tools supported the obtained results. As a conclusion, tools of RAPD-PCR and ribosomal RNA genes were successfully used to identify and detect the genetic variability of microbial strains isolated from soil.

Forty-eight lactating Holstein Friesian cows were utilized to assess impact of supplementing probiotic ZAD (mixture of live bacterial cells and enzymes) compared with T5X (antitoxins product) on some productive, reproductive and antitoxins activity parameters. we have divided the animals to three experimental categories (16 each). The first category, control treatment, was fed basal diet without any supplements. The second category, ZAD treatment, was fed basal diet supplemented with ZAD probiotic (1.1 L/ton). The third category, T5X treatment, was fed basal diet supplemented with T5X antitoxins product (1.1 Kg/ton). Milk yield was recorded. we have collected and analyzed milk samples, blood samples and feed samples in order to constitutes. Time-interval between calving and fertilizing artificial insemination and pregnancy rate were recorded. The gained outcomes demonstrated that milk yield was significantly raised by ZAD treatment than other treatment. Milk components yield were significantly raised by ZAD probiotic and T5X treatments than control. Blood serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea and total lipids were not significantly influenced by treatments. Total aflatoxins in concentrate mixture and aflatoxin M1 in milk were significantly diminished by ZAD and T5X than control. Number of days between calving and fertilized artificial insemination were diminished by treatments than control. Pregnancy rate was significantly raised by ZAD  probiotic than T5X and control treatments, respectively. The overall conclusion of this study illustrated that Probiotic ZAD, potentially, has antitoxins activity leading to reinforcing the productive and reproductive performance of lactating cows.

The experiment was held at the Arid land Agricultural graduate studies and Research Institute - Ain Shams University. A soil moisture sensor is designed and used for measuring and controlling soil moisture content in plant media.  The device has been programmed and connected to three water-lifting pumps to operate them according to each treatment.         A vertical system has been constructed using 18 columns of white square styrofoam pots filled with perlite (In-organic substrate). Three soil moisture content treatments were selected as T1 = 60 %, T2= 80%, and T3 = 100% which were controlled by the sensors.  Solution tank filled with dissolved nutrient elements was used for supplying required water.       Two types of lettuce (green and red) lettuce seedlings were planted in the perlite substrate and irrigated by drip irrigation system. The system was closed and was based on smart automatic drip irrigation system,        Results revealed that, 556.5 liters of water was consumed under condition of T1 = 60 %, while 697.5 liters and 908.5 were consumed under condition of T2= 80 %, and T3 = 100% respectively After 47 days the Red lettuce yield (weight, number of leaves, and also weight of dry lettuce) was higher than green lettuce for all treatments. Yields of lettuce per system unit (4.5 m2) 16 kg/m2 and water use efficiency 26kg /m3 (Barbosa et al 2015) conventional production yielded 3.9 ±  0.21 kg/m2/y of lettuce produce, with water. Hydroponics offered 11±1.7 times higher yields but required 82±11 times more energy compared to conventionally produced lettuce.

This research amid to obtain identify the effect of low-quality water (gray water) (reused water after its nomination in the special filtration stations) on the performance analysis of the turf irrigation system. The Experiment was carried out at ELRhap site, the area under investigation was 450 m², it was divided into 6 plots, and the geometrical has 5 m × 15 m. Investigated variables were gray water and tap water plots were; have been while the investigated parameter was the percentage of the applied amounts of irrigation water with a percent of 100%; 85%; 75%. The response of plant growth landscaping parameters due to irrigation water types were color, length, density and its coverage on the after heads, the effect of gray water and fresh water on the turf irrigation system was compared through the study of (uniformity, Surface roughness, Clogging ratio, flow, pressure), of sprinklers during same the irrigation period.  Results of the applied could be summarized as followed. The Accumulative clogging ratio by using gray water was (1.50 – 1.56 – 1.6) % and tap water was (1.22 – 1.25 – 1.28) % at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Illustrates in tap water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 7.50 -7.50). Meanwhile, illustrates in gray water turf quality rate was (8.50 – 8.50 – 8.00) for color, very good quality rate was (8.50 – 8.00 – 8.00) for density also very good ground cover quality rate was (8.00 – 8.00 – 7.50) at (100% - 85% - 75%) of quantity the water required for the plant. Surface roughness in the  main irrigation lines was measured after the use of gray water and tap water. The erosion was (17.93– 65.35) Mm and the sediments were (15.48 – 58.22) Mm in gray while the erosion of tap water was (10.45– 34.89) Mm and the sediments were (9.06– 45.22) Mm.

The antiviral role of Moringaoleifera leaves extracts ((chloroform (CL), Ethyl acetate (E.A), methanol 80% (M) and n.butanol (n.b) to control Coxsackie B (COX-BV) viral infection was monitored in vitro compared with human interferon alpha (IFNᾰ2a) in order to evaluate the antiviral activity of moringa leaves extracts. The phenolic compound was given higher conc. in E.A. extracts. Cytotoxicity was determined for Moringa leaves extracts on viability of HEP2 cell using MTT assay. The 98μg/ml concentrations for four extracts were considerably non-toxic for HEP2 cell line culture. Antiviral activity in Moringa extracts may be attributed to phenolic compounds and / or as a result of stimulation of COX-BV-sensitive HEP2 cells to express MX protein. Antiviral activity of Moringa leaves extracts compared with IFNᾰ-2a to cell lines against COX-BV viral infection was determined by assessment of the COX-BV virus infectivity titer declining rate and relative residual living cell count using End Point Assay, using three ways pretreatment, co-treatment and post-treatment cell line treated with Moringaextracts. It was found that the extract acetyl acetate was better as an MX gene expression level compared with its level in control cells. It was concluded that Moringaleaves extracts have antiviral activity against COX-BV.

Variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits were estimated for Barki lambs using the average information REMLF90 (AIREMLF90). A total of 3205 Barki lambs’ records over the period from 1984 to 2017 from experimental Borg Al-Arab station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) were analyzed by fitting Random Regression Model (RRM) with Legendre polynomials (LPs) for body weight traits from birth up to 480 days. Gender, type of birth, year, season and age of dam were considered as fixed effects in addition to the fixed regression on Legendre polynomials, while random regression of additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were considered as random factors in the model. The results showed that all fixed factors and some interactions were significant for all studied traits (P<0.05). Quadratic equation was the best description for growth curve. Additive genetic and permanent environment variances ranged from 0.88 to 6.08 and from 0.88 to 15.33 for birth and thirteen months weights, respectively. Additive genetic and permanent environment covariances ranged from 0.05 to 16.06 and from 0.08 to 9.20 for birth with six months weights and for weaning with ten months weights, respectively. Direct and total heritabilities ranged from 0.05 to 0.41 and from 0.08 to 0.74 for four months and birth weights, respectively. Additive, genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were the lowest between birth weight with other studied traits and  the highest between ten months weight with other studied traits. Phenotypic variances were oscillated between 2.27 for birth weight to 22.56 for seven months weight, while, residual variances were oscillated between 0.06 for birth weight to 14.05 for four months weight. Therefore, ten months of age recommended to be the best criterion for selecting Egyptian Barki lambs for meat production.

The effect of different concentrations of ascorbate (As) at 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM, salicylate (Sa) at 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM , in addition to silicate (Si) at 0, 100, 250, and 500 ppm on potato plant subjected to different water regimes; three days interval (control), four days interval (4DI) and five days interval (5DI).  Photosynthetic pigments, free proline and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and plant dry matter percentage were determined. Also, tuber yield was recorded and the percentage of tuber dry matter was determined. Water deficit resulted in significant reduction in tuber yield, plant dry matter percentage beside significant increase in free proline and MDA contents. Meanwhile, effects on photosynthetic pigments content and tuber dry matter were inconsistent. The effects of using different concentrations of ascorbate (As) under water deficit provide a superior effect of As at 0.25 mM. Data revealed that ascorbate treatment enhanced tuber yield by improved Chl (a and b) and carotenoids content, with a promoted reduction in free proline content and MDA. Salicylate (Sa) treatment under water deficit exhibited partial enhancement in photosynthetic pigments; where, Sa (1.0 mM) increased Chl a under all water regimes and Chl b at control and 4DI water regimes. While Sa (0.5 mM) improved carotenoids content at 5DI water regimes. The positive effect of salicylate on tuber yield was obvious only at 5DI water regime; as salicylate concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) enhanced tuber yield by 65.61, 21.8 and 33.33%. Data exhibited that these increments were concomitant with a  reduction in free proline content and a slight increase in tuber dry matter. Interactive effects of Silicate (Si)/water deficit were variable with the concentration under the used water deficit regimes, where, Si (100 ppm), showed higher means of Chl (a and b) with a reduction in free proline contents, at both 4DI and 5DI. The higher tuber yield resulted only at 5DI. More pronounced effect, Si (250 ppm) exhibited increment of photosynthetic pigments, plant dry matter, tuber yield, along with slight reduction in MDA, particularly at 5DI. It could be concluded that silicate treatment alleviated water stress by improving carotenoids content, plant dry matter and reducing both free proline and MDA contents, which attributes enhancement in tuber yield under water deficit. Generally, lower concentrations of As, Sa and Si showed their benefits under higher water stress regimes.

Drought has become major environmental constraint to the crops productivity and the sustainability of agriculture. Recently, using biochar (BC) as a soil conditioner has aroused much interest and proved to be an effective tool for improving soil properties and crops growth and yield. Therefore, a pot trial was conducted using wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.) with three water regimes (60, 30 and 15% of water holding capacity(WHC)) and three rates of biochar (0, 2%, and 5%) to investigate the impact of biochar on growth and yield components. The results showed that WHC enhanced in the presence of BC leading to improving the availability of water to wheat plants grown in BC-treated soil. Plants grown in BC-amended soil had higher growth and plant biomass, net assimilation rates than those in un-amended soil. Biochar addition positively affected wheat growth parameters including increases in leaf area, number of leaves per plant, tillers number per plant, height of plant as well as shoot to root fresh weight ratio. Particularly interesting is the improvements in yield attributes. These results led us to conclude that the application of black carbon would enhance the growth and yield of crops under insufficient water supply. On other hand, biochar can be considered an effective tool for sustainable agriculture and hence mitigating the injurious effects of drought conditions on plants.

Two pot experiments were conducted on the 17th and 11th of march during 2015 and 2016 growth seasons respectively at the greenhouse, Dept. Agric. Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Egypt to investigate the impact of drought stress on some growth, biochemical and anatomical parameters of Thymus vulgaris L. Plants were exposed to two different irrigation levels: 70-80% and 30-40% of water holding capacity (WHC) as well-irrigated and drought stressed plants respectively. The results indicated that all investigated growth parameters and leaf photosynthetic pigments were decreased significantly by exposing to drought stress. There were significant increase in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by measuring of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA). A similar trend was observed in respect to osmolytes including proline, total soluble sugars and free amino acids. Also, drought stress increased significantly total soluble phenols and the specific activity of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), whereas, no significant differences were detected in peroxidase (POD). The anatomical examination showed that there were several significant changes associated with water limited supply in the stem and leaf of plants.