Soil characteristics' degradation had been considered as one of the most important problems that face the agricultural development processes under arid and semi-arid conditions due to non-suitability of the applied technologies and techniques, attributed to management considerations. Consequently, higher crop yield and quality reduction had been occurred due to the degradation of the plant healthy media (soil). Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to monitor the change detection of some soil physical and hydrophysical characteristics under sprinkler irrigated agriculture. However, the terminal objectives were to evaluate and monitor some soil characteristics changes (soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and soil penetration resistance) under different mode of action of sprinkler types (rotating and impact sprinkler) and corresponding nozzle sizes (small and large sizes). Hereby, field experiments were carried out for two seasons (2006 and 2007) in the Desert Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, AinShamsUniversity which is located at El-Bustan region, Behaira Governorate. Results revealed that soil characteristics were highly affected with the sprinkler mode of action and corresponding nozzle sizes. However, a power function proportion of soil penetration resistance with respect to applied rotating and impact sprinkler types and corresponding small and large nozzle sizes, had been observed and analyzed. Therefore, data analysis speculated that, selection of the appropriate sprinkler types under diverse field conditions and situations such as: crop type and design criteria of sprinkler irrigation systems, have to be considered for good agricultural development processes under Egyptian newly reclaimed regions.

Anthocyanins derived from red cabbage were extracted, and identified by using HPLC. These pigments are used as alternative natural red colorants in some processed foods i.e.; hard candy; jelly and ice sherbets. They are also effect of using as natural antioxidant on sunflower oil. Red cabbage has 90.5 mg anthocyanin /100 gm on fresh weights. Where the major constituents were cyaniding-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (80%) and cyanidin 3, 5 diglucoside (20%) with HPLC. The best carrier for red cabbage anthocyanin pigment was found to be dextrin followed by cellulose, soluble starch and glucose respectively. On the other hand, color and higher pigment stability of anthocyanin derived from red cabbage were in acidic condition at pH ranged between 1.0 to 4.0 and in temperatures ranged between 40 to 80ºC. Meanwhile, the degradation of anthocyanin being 10% of total pigments after 180 min at 100ºC. Antioxidant activities of red cabbage anthocyanin were assessed by determining peroxide value on sunflower oil during 7 days at 60ºC. Sunflower oil contained 200 ppm red cabbage extract showed lower peroxide value being (9.92) than using 200 ppm synthetic antioxidant (BHT) (10.12) meq/Kg. Analysis of variance for sensory evaluation of prepared hard candy, jelly and ice sherbets indicated that, hard candy, jelly contained 0.10% and ice sherbets contained 0.20% red cabbage anthocyanin pigments revealed the highest score of color, taste, odor and overall acceptability similar with synthetic color (carmine).