The response of different concentrations of α-amylase and ascorbic acid on rheological characteristics of weak wheat flour was studied by the three dimension polynomial quaternary model. Flour physicochemical characteristics, dough extensogram, bread texture profile analysis and sensory properties of pan bread were determined. All-purpose flour was treated by fungal α-amylase and ascorbic acid compared with strong flour which using for pan bread production, and then investigates differences of dough extensograms and pan bread quality characteristics. Predicting individual extensograph parameters (Y) was assumed by quadratic polynomial regression model for the independent variables (fungal α-amylase concentrations or ascorbic acid concentrations (X)) to optimize the extensograph parameters (Y) used regression analysis. Three-dimension contour plot was used as a method to study the response surface of different extensograph parameters (Y) as dependent variables with fungal α-amylase concentration and ascorbic acid concentration (X and Z) as independent variables. The obtained optimum predicting concentrations were verified, by using applied extensograph trials and then manufacturing pan bread. Using optimal predictive fungal α-amylase and ascorbic acid concentration levels give accepted extensogram parameters relationship r2 values and good pan bread quality, fit to the strong flour characteristics.

In this study, chemical and bio-control agents were  evaluated for their efficiency to control of  citrus fruit-rot disease  caused Alternaria citri  (K2) both, in vitro and in vivo trials. The most effective fungicides were score, montro and Iprodione compared with other fungicides depend on Ec50 and Ec90. While, the fungicide Pyraclostrobine had moderate effect on linear growth of A.  citri. Meanwhile, the Coprax, Coprareekh and Azoxystrobine were the least effective fungicide at Ec90.  Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis tested showed antagonistic action effect to a highly pathogenic isolate of Alternaria citri, with different degrees of inhibition. T. harzianum was the most effective compared with B. subtilis, in vitro trials. Also, all fungicides were evaluated on incidence of citrus fruit rot disease in vivo trials.  The disease incidence was reduced, but with different degrees. In addition, using T. harzianum, B. subtilis, B. megaterium (Bio-ARC) and Trichoderma   album (Bio-Zeid) decreased    incidence of citrus fruit rot disease. On the other side, T. harzianum showed the highest suppressive effect against citrus fruit rot pathogen. Generally, all tested fungicides and bio-agents were effective against the causal fungus in vitro and in vivo trials, but with different degrees.

Еssеntial oils (ЕOs) from cinnamon (Cinnamon zylanicum), clovе (Syzygium aromaticum) camphor (Еucalyptus globulus), and rockеt (Еruca sativa), wеrе еvaluatеd for thеir botryocidal еffеct. In-vitro, Botrytis cinеrеa was еxposеd to 4 diffеrеnt concеntrations of ЕOs, using thrее diffеrеnt tеchniquеs, i.е. amеndеd mеdium, vapourisation, and volatilising.  Cinnamon and clovе ЕOs wеrе thе highеst tеstеd concеntrations found to bе thе most еffеctivе in all tеchniquеs which complеtеly inhibitеd 100% of radial growth for B. cinеrеa in vitro. A post-harvеst trial to control grеy mould on grapе bunchеs of Flamе sееdlеss and Supеrior sееdlеss cvs. were conductеd using cinnamon and clovе oils in sеasons 2014 and 2015. Both of the two ЕOs wеrе usеd at concеntrations of 25, 50 and 100 µL./L-1air v/v, еxposеd as vapour trеatmеnt significantly supprеssеd grеy mould during thе cold-storagе. Thеrе was not a significancе diffеrеncеs obsеrvеd among both ЕOs trеatmеnts. Howеvеr, cinnamon at 100 µL.1L-1air v/v was thе most еffеctivе trеatmеnt to control grеy mould of both grapе cultivars

The problem of food supply is the main problem that worries the world in recent times, and the problem of developing countries is increasing in size to increase population growth rate. The problem of research is the low efficiency of production and processing of dairy products in Egypt. In addition to the low level of dairy processing operations, the aim of the research is to identify the current production status of milk and dairy products and to identify the monthly seasonal prices of these products as well as the margins. The most important results were the annual increase in the production of the study products, which were studied and the focus was on these products due to the availability of data on them without other products. It is clear from the study of the general time trend equation in Table (2) Dairy production increased by a statistical significance of about 13.3 thousand tons, an annual increase representing about 1% of the average total production during the period (2000-2014), and it was found that the coefficient of selection was about 560. That is, 56% of the changes that occur in the quantity of production The total dairy production is due to changes in the variables (2) indicates that the production of buffalo butter increased by a statistically significant increase of about 1.9 thousand tons, with an annual increase representing about 2.3% of the average total production during the period. (2000-2014). It was also found that the coefficient of selection was about 0.61, ie, 61% of the changes in the amount of buffalo butter production are due to variables whose effect reflects the time component. It is also clear from the study of the general time trend equation in Table (2) that the production of Jamousian cheese increased by a statistically significant increase of about 1.9 thousand tons, with an annual increase representing about 0.77% of the average total production during the period 2000-2014. The selection was about 0.48, which means that 48% of the changes in the quantity of cheese production are attributed to changes in variables whose effect reflects time.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth of tomato transplants irrigated with saline water in a commercial soilless potting media amended with fermented clover produced by anaerobic fermentation of a mixture of clover and water for different periods (1, 2 and 3 weeks). Treatments were distributed in completely randomized factorial design included three salinity levels in irrigation water (260, 1000 and 2000 mg l-1) without and with fermented clover corresponding to 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the substrate (1peat: 1perlite: 1vermiculite) by volume. Plant height (cm), number of leaves, vegetative fresh and dry weights (g) per plant were recorded 35 days after sowing. The obtained results showed that the mean values of the aforementioned parameters were increased due to the incorporation of clover-based amendment with higher pronounced effect recorded for fermented clover as compared to non-fermented clover. The highest values were obtained due to the incorporation of three weeks fermented clover at 20% mixing percentage followed by 30%. There were significant differences among water salinity treatments; fresh water (260 mg l-1) recorded the highest vegetative growth of tomato transplants. Furthermore, fermented clover alleviated the salt stress on transplants and increased the growth parameters under saline water irrigation. These results suggested that clover can be used for producing organic tomato transplants, instead of imported media, supporting by fermentation to enhance the ability of clover to supplement the transplants with the nutrient needs and cope the salinity condition.

Wady El Natroun high way (Beer Hooker Area) in a private orchard in a sandy soil under drip irrigation system with saline water.  in 2015 and 2016 seasons. Chinese tangerine (Citrus tangerine) transplant were budded on three rootstocks namely sour orange (Citrus aurantum, mion), volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana, Tem) and X639 hybrid between (Cleopatra mandarin × Ponicurus trifoliata) grown under saline conditions to study the effect of foliar  application of antioxidants namely ascorbic and salicylic acid on vegetative growth and leaf mineral contents. Results showed that, Volkamer lemon rootstock surpassed sour orange and x639 rootstocks under saline conditions, the highest incremental percentage young tree height, stem diameter, number of leaves per shoot and leaf area were registered by Chinese tangarine scion budded on Volkamer lemon rootstock. Among selected antioxidants ascorbic acid at the concentrations of 800 ppm recorded the highest significant values for vegetative growth parameters and surpassed salicylic acid. Also Chinese mandarin scion budded on volkamer lemon accumulated the highest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P), magnesium(Mg), and chloride (Cl-) and the lowest concentration of sodium (Na+). Chinese mandarin scion budded on sour orange rootstock accumulated the highest concentrations of potassium (K) while Chinese tangerine scion budded on x639 accumulated the highest concentrations of sodium (Na).

The aim of this study was biodiesel purification with different methods beyond water by using different materials was used for this purpose. A large amount of biodiesel was produced from canola oil as source of oil therefore methanol alcohol had been added with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. After 8 hours, biodiesel was separated from glycerol where glycerol was under the biodiesel using gravity. To purify biodiesel from remains of glycerol, water and alcohol, some materials filled two filters. Materials were rice husk grind, bagasse grind, saw dust, magnesium silicate and water. The results showed that the water, methanol and glycerol contents were 0.04, 0.01 and 0.23% respectively with using grind bagasse, but they were 0.2, 0.03 and 0.24% respectively with using water in purification process. So the bagasse grind was better than other materials in purification process of canola biodiesel.

This study aimed to evaluate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Spirulina Platensis and its bioactive components (phycocyanin (PC), phycocyanopeptide (PCP) and phycocyanobilin (PCB)) on male diabetic Rats compared to controls and glibenclamide drug. For this reason, male Albino rats were equally divided into seven groups designated as normal control, diabetic control, diabetic + glibenclamide (Glyburide) drug (600 µg kg−1 body weight), diabetic + Spirulina biomass suspension (50 mg/ml/ kg−1 body weight), diabetic + phycocyanin (50 mg kg−1 body weight), diabetic + phycocyanopeptide (49 mg kg−1 body weight) and diabetic + phycocyanobilin (982 µg kg−1 body weight). The results show a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) level of fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and lipids levels in diabetic animals administration with Spirulina Platensis, phycocyanin, phycocyanopeptide and phycocyanobilin compared with diabetic control.  Also, there were an increase in HDL–cholesterol levels and β-cell function in these treatments. Histopathologically, diabetic rats treated with spirulina, PC, PCP induced a slight improve of pancreatic cells and an obvious recovery of pancreatic cells.  The expression of insulin secretion from cells (β-cells) of diabetic rats was improved in the groups treated with Spirulina, phycocyanin, phycocyanopeptide. While, diabetic rats treated with phycocyanobilin recorded insulin levels lower than them.  From this study it can be concluded that Spirulina Platensis, phycocyanin, phycocyanopeptide and phycocyanobilin possessed hypoglycemic, insulin sensitivity and hypolipidemic effects. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina Platensis may be attributed to phenolic compounds and phycocyanin. The antidiabetic effect of PC is most likely due to its ability to reduction of insulin resistance, enhance β-cell function and recovery of β-cells. The effect of PC may be attributed to selenium-binding phycocyanopeptide or/ and phycocyanobilin responsible for the antioxidant activity and chromium-binding phycocyanopeptide which activates insulin receptors.

The heat shock protein (HSP) family is one of the proteins universally accumulated under heat stress condition. Four Egyptian maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) were studied to identify heat shock proteins under heat stress at 45°C as protein markers for detecting the thermo-tolerance inbreds. The protein fingerprints of four inbred lines were performed by grain total-soluble protein electcophoretic analysis. The protein electrophoretic analysis showed 18 bands in a distinct pattern of K1 and K7 inbred lines, while 17 bands were present in G342 and Rg59 inbred lines as another distinct pattern indicating different genotypes. The high temperature effect on four maize inbred lines exposed to 45°C for 2 and 4 hours at 14-days old seedlings besides control (25°C) was studied. Several protein bands varied between low and intermediate molecular weights were induced after exposing to heat stress at 45°C. Four bands of heat shock proteins with molecular weights of 82, 22, 17 and 10 kDa appeared in the inbred line K1 after exposing to 45°C for 2 and 4 hours which may be indication of thermo-tolerance. Four and seven bands were enhanced after exposing to high temperature for 4 hours at 45°C which appeared more concentrated in the patterns of K7 and G342 inbred lines, respectively.

The microbial contamination of the female genital tract has effect on the ivf outcome and negatively effect on fertility, fertilization and implantation rate. Lactobacillus sp. is the dominant organism of the vaginal flora that have an important role in the inhibition of pathogen. 48 patients were selected for this study aged between 20-40 years, During embryo transfer, 3 samples were collected from each patient from vagina, end cervical canal and the tip of the catheter. The samples were assayed microbiology. The microbial culture contained natural flora and pathogen organism .The isolated pathogens were identified as Klebsilla pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. famata, C. parapsilosis, C. catenulate according to Bergeyˊs manual and confirmed by VITEK System. Candida sp found to be the most frequent infemale genital tract. The probiotic (Lactobacillus. acidophilus) and its metabolites (bacteriocin) were inhibited growth of isolated pathogenic microbial  in vitro.The result showed that L. acidophilus and their metabolite bacteriocin have antagonistic activity against pathogenic microbes.                 Recommendation: Oral or transvaginal administration of Lactobacillus or bacteriocin antiseptics; disinfected; maintain a health vagina and prevent the infection of the reproductive tract.