The beneficial effects of boron, zinc and active dry yeast on yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palm grown at the Experimental Orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt was studied during 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with ten replicates each of one bunch. All treatments were sprayed two times after fruit set and one month later. The obtained results could be summarized as follow: -       Boron, zinc and active dry yeast sprays significantly increased the fruit retention percentage and bunch weight compared to the untreated ones. Yeast application was more effective compared with boron or zinc application. -       Spraying either yeast, boron or zinc at any studied concentration was accompanied with improving fruit quality in terms of significant increase in fruit weight, total soluble solids and sugar contents. No significant differences were detected between spraying with yeast at 250 or 500 ppm, 500 or 1000 ppm zinc, as well as, boron at 1000 or 2000 ppm. Moreover, active dry yeast spraying revealed the highest improvement in palm yield and fruit quality. However, it can be concluded that spraying either boric acid, zinc sulphate or active dry yeast twice after fruit set and one month later increased the palm yield and improved the fruit quality of Zaghloul date palm. Meanwhile, using dry yeast as more effective than both boric acid and zinc sulphate.

The experiments were conducted at the farm of Al-Alamia located at Nubaria- Egypt, in plastic houses (6m x 45m) where solanaceous crops have been grown as monoculture, and aimed to evaluate the soil solarization in combination with benefit microorganisms for controlling the pepper soil borne pathogens and weeds under plastic-house condition. Supplementation of organic matter in plastic-houses resulted in noticeable increase in fungal, bacterial and nematode counts. However, the population densities of total fungi,Fusaria, total bacteria, spore former bacteria, actinomycetes and nematodes after 15 and 30 days in the solarized plastic-houses were drastically reduced as compared tonon solarized control soil. This reduction was gradually increased depended on the time of sampling (after 15 days of transparent polyethylene mulching or after 30 days). Soil solarization reduced sharply free nitrogen fixers, 30 days after treatment the elimination of the Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp. from soil was recorded. However, the free nitrogen fixers were found to be recolonized after one month from transplanting the seedling pepper plants in non solarized and solarized soil, so artificial inoculation of pepper seedlings with strains of Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp., were resulted great root colonization of plants than in non-solarized soil. Also, all annual weeds have been controlled with soil solarization which gave the best weed control treatment. On the other hand, solarization had pronounced effect on seedling establishment occurred in solarized plastic-houses. Increasing more than 30% in establishment of pepper seedling were recorded between the solarized and non-solarized plastic-houses which mulched with black sheets after three weeks of pepper transplanting.  The percentage of Phytophthora spp. isolated from the infected pepper seedlings were very high compared with other fungi, it was 49% of total isolated fungi after one week of transplanting. However, soil solarization increased pepper plant height and number of branches per plant as compared with non-solarized soil without black mulching or with black mulching. The pepper yield per plastic house up to 7 months increased with soil solarization by about 216 Kg, 18.3% over non solarized with black mulching, and 155 Kg, 12.4% over non solarized without mulching.

Pot trials were conducted under plastic house condition during two successive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, at the experimental site of Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. The present study aims to determine the partial replacement of mineral nitrogen fertilization of tomato by nitrogen fixing bacteria with or without adding compost in sandy soil. Tomato seedlings (Lora F1Hybrid) were transplanted during the first week of October into plastic pots (30 cm diameter) filled with 10 kg of sandy soil. Three rates 25, 50 and 75% of the recommended mineral nitrogen in the nutrient solution for tomato with adding compostat 2% and nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillium brasilense) at 20 ml/plant either individually or in combinationswere investigated on growth, mineral composition and yield of tomato plants compared to 100% of recommended nitrogen only (control). The plants were irrigated daily by drip irrigation and received 200 ml/plant of nutrient solution twice a weekly. The results showed that using 50 or 75% of N-mineral fertilizer + compost + nitrogen fixing bacteria gave the highest values of growth, mineral composition and yield of tomato. It is recommended that 50% of nitrogen mineral fertilizers for tomato plants could be replaced by nitrogen fixing bacteria in presence of compost, which in earn, reduce environment pollution caused by extensive application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers.

The problem of the search in the presence of large amount of waste is estimated at 74.7 million tons, including agricultural residues, which are estimated at about 23.9 million tons, representing about 32% of the total waste in Egypt without the benefit of full economic, which lead to the waste of economic resources, the study aims to attempt to shed light on the economic efficiency to Recycle agricultural residues to maximize economic benefit the study to the most important results: - Through the study of economic efficiency indicators to manufacture Tons of unconventional fodder of some agricultural residues indicate that the economic feasibility, where the average net revenue secondary outputs crops referred to was about 85,38 pounds (tons and net revenue crop residues of maize production reached a maximum of about 147,5pounds (tons, followed by net revenue remnants of rice crop, cotton, sugar beet, municipal beans about 77.6, 72.2, 69, is 60.6 pounds per ton, respectively. The average profitability of the pound investor secondary outputs of crops referred to was about 0.29 pounds. - The manufacture of organic manure (compost) of agricultural residues of economic feasibility, where the average net revenues of outputs secondary crops referred to hit about standing at 118.6 pounds (tons and net return on remnants of rice crop reached a maximum of about 141 pounds (tons, followed by net revenue crop residues of rice, maize, beans, municipal cotton, sugar beet, about 77.6, 72.2, 69, is 60.6 pounds per ton, respectively. - To examine economic efficiency indicators to rotate tons organic fertilizers from animal waste indicate that the economic feasibility, where it was found that net revenues recycling reached about 154.8 pounds (tons). The study recommended that: - The possibility of making use of agricultural residues and treated to produce organic fertilizers, as a substitute for traditional fodder caravan of chemical fertilizers, and fodder expensive traditional crops estimate net revenue recommends rotating the sample conversion of remnants of corn, rice, cotton to feed non-traditional and rotate remnants of rice, maize, beans to municipal organic fertilizer, where they win economically. - Attention to economic development programs for the recycling of waste and encourage recycling of agricultural waste industry. - Wider dissemination of waste recycling technology through awareness in charge of this process, the economic importance of re-use of these residues.