Pot experiments were carried out using sand (collected from Ismailia ARS), in the greenhouse to study the effect of biochar application, on K and P release from their natural bearing minerals i.e.,K- feldspar and rock phosphate and\or bentonite on some growth of maize plants parameters, their P and k uptake and the soil available P and K. sixty three pots ever filled with sand(10 kg each biochar was added to all pots expect control at rates 0,1.5 , 3 ton per fed. The studied mineral are K feldspar and rock phosphate as source of K and P respectively. Bentonite was also studied because it is the most common mineral used for reclamation of sandy soil .Each mineral was added at rate of 0,1.5, 3 ton / fed the pots are as follow : biochar alone , biochar + K feldspar and biochar +bentonite and biochar and rock phosphate . maize was planted as the common way in which maize seed 6 grains for each pot inoculated with P and K solubilizing bacteria were planted . the usual N fertilizer (NH4 )2SO4 200kg /fed and irrigated as needed . Maize grow parameter i.e plant height and dry weight of maize plant were measured after 2 months of plantation . K and P as well as their uptake were measure. Results revealed that, the use of biochar at 3 tons fed-1 in combination with 3 tons of any of feldspar, bentonite or rock phosphate enhanced significantly growth parameters of maize plants compared to the control treatments .The highest values plant length and dry matter were were 89.00 cm, 11.4 g pot-1 against 36.6 cm and 2.8 g pot-1 for the control treatments., same treatments increased significantly P and K uptake of maize plants and the soil available p and K compared to the control treatments. The highest significant values in P uptake were 22.5, 18.3 & 16.7 mg plant-1 for the treatments (3 tons fed-1)of biochar with either 3ton rock phosphate ,3ton bentonite or 3 ton K-feldspar .while K uptake were 63.9, 61.8 & 60.1 mg plant -1 for biochar ( 3 tons fed-1 )with bentonite (3 tons fed-1 ), feldspar (3 tons fed-1 ) and bentonite (1.5 tons fed-1 ). Regarding available P the highest obtained values were 49.3 mg Kg -1 for 3 ton biochar + 3ton rock phosphate , 24.1 mg Kg -1 for 3 ton biochar + 1.5 ton bentonite and 24.0 mg/ kg-1 for 3 ton biochar + 1.5 ton K- feldspar. Increase either K- feldspar or bentonite to 3 ton had negative effect on available p .

The current experiment was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Qualubia governorate, during the oriental hornet active season extended from September 1st until end of December, 2015, to estimate the daily counts of the oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis L.) as well as its population dynamics during its active season. The experimental apiary was contained twenty four honeybee colonies, each contented seven frames covered with adult bees and four frames of brood. The wasp’s traps were used for capturing the wasps during the day. The data indicated that, the total numbers of wasps caught in September were 204, 394 and 114 wasps/trap in the three periods, respectively. There were significant differences between all the tested periods where the highest population of wasps caught was during the noon period (12pm – 3pm) followed by the morning period (9am – 12pm), while the afternoon and evening period (3pm – 9am of next day) recorded the lowest population of wasps caught in the traps, the same trend was recorded in October and November months. It also summarized that, the average means of wasps captured for tested months were 8.79, 21.99, 13.42 and 1.10 wasps/trap for September, October, November and December 2015, respectively. The highest population of oriental hornet captured by the traps was recorded during October month, followed by November and September; meanwhile the population captured during December was the lowest, with significant deference between them. For daily count, the mean average numbers of wasps captured by the traps were 10.20, 17.55 and 6.22 wasps/trap for the three periods (9am – 12pm, 12pm – 3pm and 3pm – 9am of next day), respectively. The highest numbers of wasps captured by the traps were recorded during the noon period (12pm – 3pm) followed by morning period (9am – 12pm), meanwhile the afternoon and evening period (3pm – 9am of next day) recorded the lowest numbers of wasps captured by the traps, with significant deference between all the tested period. Overall the highest numbers of oriental hornet captured by wasp’s traps were recorded in October month during the noon period, 12pm – 3pm and averaged (33.15 wasps/trap), followed by November month during the same period 12pm – 3pm (20.50 wasps/trap).

The present research was carried out in the AlGhab region, the village of Hialin, Hama Governorate, during 2015-2106- 2017 season. superior strains in addition to both check varieties (Idlib I-C and Hamma H-C) of peanuts were used. Ten stains of which were derived from the local variety Hama and other 13 strains were derived from the local variety Idlib, after exposing the seeds of the two varieties to three doses of gamma rays (200 - 250 - 300) Gy during  2010 and 2011  seasons. The twenty three M3 seeds were planted in the 2015 season and at the end of the season the superior M4 plants were selected for planting during next season (2016). In the 2017 season, M5 seeds were planted and at the end of the season the M5 plants were individually selected based on the following traits (early/day, yield kg/ha).   The results showed that the local cultivar Idlib was more responsive to investigated procedure than local cultivar of Hama.

One day old wheat grain sprouts were used to study the effect of using saline water for sprouting on sprout characters, and changes of some chemical compounds after 2 years wheat grain storage of Gemmeiza 11 cultivar. Sprout characters showed no significant different in storage grain sprouts weight at all NaCl concentration while increased in fresh grains sprouts with increasing NaCl concentration. Sprouts chemical components as affected by storage revealed that storage Gemmiza II had the highest crude protein and the lowest carbohydrate content compared with dry fresh seeds. Non storage grains also had higher protein and lowest carbohydrate and energy content compare with dry fresh grains. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that wheat fresh grain sprouts increase phytochemical compounds and recorded the higher values when using saline water (37 compounds) followed by using tap water (33 compounds) compared with dry fresh grains (30 compounds). Saline water also enhanced the number of phytochemical compounds in two year storage grain sprouts (31 compounds vs. 28 compounds for tap water). Moreover, storage grains decreased the number of identified compounds during sprouting. It can be recommended that wheat grain sprouting is a procedure that has been developed to significantly increase the bioavailability of phytonutrients and phytochemical to ensure the nutritional security of population for Egypt.

This work was carried out to study the effect of using some natural dietary supplements; i.e. powders of date palm pits and pollen, ginseng roots, moringa leaves and royal jelly which giving orally in capsule to improve endurance of weightlifter athletes throughout 12 weeks in camp of sport Championship Sector belongs to the Armed Forces, Ministry of Defense, Future City, Cairo, Egypt. Collecting data showed that the suggested dietary supplement capsule had the highest value of the antioxidant activity (96.3%) and significant increases in total phenolic and flavonoids content (52.42 & 63.1 mg/g, respectively). Also, the anthropometric measurements showed a significant increase in weight and height in males compared to females. likewise, waist and mid upper arm circumference had significant increases in males compared to females, Male weightlifter athletes had significant muscles mass bigger than female one, and the fat mass for male was assessed as ‘‘Fitness’’ which ranged between (14 and 17%) but the female had fat mass that assessed as ‘‘Athletes’’ which ranged between (14 and 20%). The weights lifting by male and female increased during three months, and also revealed a significant increase in the efficiency of males in lifting weights higher than in the females during the period of 12 weeks. Thus, the results indicated that by incorporating natural dietary supplement powders in suggesting capsule, it is possible to enhance the performance of weightlifter athletes.

RT-PCR was conducted for four genes implicated for salt tolerance, oxidative and osmotic stresses in Egyptian gray mangroves within Nabq protected area in South Sinai Governorate. The results showed over-expression of the mRNA of ferritin (amFer1) gene as very high expression, followed by increase in  mRNA of superoxide dismutase (amSOD1) and ubiquitin conjugation2 (amUBC2).  At the same time gene expression of catalase (amCAT1) decreased.

Canola (Brassica juncea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed sprout effects on diabetic rats  have no available information and to clarify their effects, both sprouts were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic and normal rats. Rats were fed on a semi-modified diet containing 10% of canola or mustard sprouted using tap or saline water for sprouting ad-libitum for 6 weeks. STZ showed increases in blood sugar, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), vary low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and triglycerides (TG). The addition of canola and mustard with or without salinty at 10% to diabetic rats diet as semimodified diet resulted a significant decrease in blood glucose, TG and VLDL-c and data was more pronounced using mustard sprouted or saline water without changes in the HDL-c   parameter. These results showed that canola and mustard especially mustard sprouted in saline water had a hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats and partly improved lipid metabolism in the experimental rats, with non-toxic to rats in doses given  over 6 weeks period in this study.

Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding of rats on a high cholesterol diet (HCD) that contains cholesterol (1%), bile salts (0.25%) and coconut butter (15%) to evaluate the protective effect of steroidal saponins extracted from fenugreek and asparagus, and triterpenoidal saponins extracted from soapwort and licorice. The rats were divided into 6 groups, and the first one was fed on a basal diet and served as a negative control group. The second group of rats received HCD without any plant extract and served as a positive control group. The other four groups of rats were fed on HCD plus the plant extracts separately at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day during the experiment period (6 weeks). The protective effect of various saponin extracts were monitored through assays of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in blood, liver tissues and feces of the rats as well as other blood analyses and histological examinations of liver tissues. The data indicated a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of TC, TG, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glucose, and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in addition to insignificant (P<0.05) differences in the levels of total bilirubin (TB), total protein (TP), urea, creatinine and uric acid in serum of hypercholesterolemic rats (the positive control) compared to the negative control. The protective effect of various saponin extracts were established by lowering the levels of TC and TG, and obtaining the other biochemical parameters near to their  normal values in serum of rats fed on these plant extracts. The data also indicate that TC and TG decreased significantly (P<0.05) in liver tissues of the rats treated with various saponin extracts compared to the positive control. Conversely, the levels of TC and TG increased significantly (P<0.05) in feces of the rats treated with various saponin extracts compared to the negative and positive controls. Histological examinations showed lower content of fats in liver tissues of the rats treated with various saponin extracts compared to the positive control. Both of steroidal and triterpenoidal saponins exhibited approximately the same efficiency in their protective effects against hypercholesterolemia. The hypocholesterolemic effect of saponin extracts may be due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestine which led to increase of cholesterol excretion in the feces.

This study aims to study the estimation of production cost functions as it reflects the relationship between total costs and actual production. The main economic indicators that reflect the extent to which the agricultural production units achieved economic efficiency in their use of the productive resources involved in the production process as well as the extent to which they are achieved These units of maximizing the profits of the agricultural product, as well as the study of production costs and the associated indicators are important  both on the productivity unit or at the national level, which can be used in the design and analysis of price policies and help the user Farmers in their productive decision-making, which would encourage producers to continue production or stop production. As well as to determine the volume of production that maximizes profits and thus achieve economic efficiency of the use of productive elements.

The objective of this study was to estimated gene expression in breast muscles of two broiler strains with used to Myoustatin gene in marketing age (5 weeks of age) under heat stress and compared to control group for 1 hour daily for 7 days in Shalakan farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, broiler chicks (150 chicks in each strains) of 1 day of age were used in this study. So, the measurements were taken (respiratory rate, rectal temperature and estimated gene expression). The results obtained the gene expression of Myostatin gene in muscle breast was observed highest in Ross strain compared with Indian River strain under heat stress, but no different between strains ( Ross and Indian River) in control group. However, respiratory rate of Ross and Indian River under heat at 5 week of age showed that the Indian River strain was high significant at 5 week of age compared to Ross ones. As shown that rectal temperature of Ross and Indian River were a high significant effect of treatment (heat group was higher from control group) and not a significant of strain.The present experiment was conducted to estimated gene expression on meat quality traits of different tropical stress conditions in different broiler strains during 7 days and 5 weeks of age. Introgressions some major genes likes myostatin gene in muscle breast into broiler improve under the heat stress.