Oestrosis is nasal myiasis, which results from infestation with the larvae of flies that belong to the genus Oestrus. Nasal discharge and sneezing are the most common clinical signs in infected animals. Myiasis larvae were collected from sheep in different climatic regions of Iran. Morphological identification of the larvae was made based on the diagnostic keys. The species was confirmed by PCR amplifying the partial fragment (610 bp) of the mtCOI gene. Genetic distance was assessed in COI sequences, and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. Sequencing showed no difference in the partial COI gene among the Iranian isolates, and this gene had a high similarity with the sequences of O. ovis isolates from Iraq, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia. The present study provided the first molecular dataset for O. ovis species, which is crucial for the phylogenetic relationships assessment and the molecular identification of these parasites.

Detection of sperm in the peritoneal fluid of animals is unusual and has not been reported in the literature. In this report, we describe the presence of sperm cells in the peritoneal fluid of a two-year-old ram. The ram was presented with dyspnea, reduced rumen contractions, a mild degree of dehydration, cyanotic mucosa, difficulty in standing, and anuria. Ancillary diagnostics, including ultrasonography, radiography, complete blood cell count, and abdominocentesis were performed. In the peripheral blood sample, no blood parasites were observed, although thrombocytosis with toxic neutrophilia, and atypical lymphocytes were seen in the blood smear. In radiographs, urolithiasis was confirmed just on the sigmoid flexure position. Ultrasound examination revealed a distended bladder and large amounts of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. The electrocardiogram analysis showed the absence of P waves, bradycardia, wide QRS complexes, ST-segment elevation, and tented T waves. In the peritoneal fluid smears, a large number of spermatozoa, and increased inflammatory cells were observed. It was concluded that the trauma or rupture in colliculus seminalis, ductus deferens, or the urethra with urinary stones resulted in leakage of spermatozoa to the peritoneal cavity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of spermatozoa in the peritoneal fluid of large animals.

The seroprevalences of BRSV, BPIV-3, and BAV-3 were studied in the dairy cattle of Fars Province in the south of Iran and their associated risk factors were determined. Serum samples (n = 420) were collected from 36 cattle herds in the northern, central, and southern regions of the study area. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detect antibodies against these viruses. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to identify potential risk factors. Antibodies were estimated 100% for all the studied viruses at the herd level and 76.43%, 76.90%, and 92.62% at the animal level for BRSV, BPIV-3, and BAV-3, respectively. In logistic regression analysis, age for all the viruses, season for BPIV-3 and BAV-3, and region and farming type for BAV-3 were significantly related to seroprevalence at the animal level. A significant association of dual infections with studied viruses was identified. The present study demonstrated that BRSV, BPIV-3, and BAV-3 are very prevalent in the dairy herds of southern Iran and highlighted the necessity to establish a control program.

Sex has been reported to influence  the clinical chemistry of several species of fish. Whether sex impacts serum biochemistry composition and electrolyte profile of Heterobranchus longifilis is not well captured in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sex on the clinical chemistry composition and electrolyte profile of hybrid catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis. Blood samples were collected and biochemically analyzed. The analytes analyzed included alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, serum protein, albumin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and urea. Uric acid, bicarbonate, Chloride, Sodium, and Potassium from 40 healthy Heterobranchus longifilis (20 males and 20 females). The males and females were not reproductively active at the time of sampling (None of the females had eggs). Most clinical chemistry analytes and electrolyte profiles of Heterobranchus longifilis showed differences between male and female values even though only a few (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, triglyceride, and uric acid) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the findings in this study, we suggest that sexual differences affect the clinical chemistry and electrolyte profile of Heterobranchus longifilis. Hence, sexual differences should be taken into consideration during sampling in both natural and experimental studies in Heterobranchus longifilis.

This study considered the therapeutic efficacy of three different Artemisia species extracts on capsaicin-induced dental pulp pain and pain-associated changes in feeding behaviors in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were alienated into five groups (n=6), comprising: sham, capsaicin, and capsaicin groups pre-treated with hydroalcoholic extracts of A. sieberi, A.persica, and A.biennis. Pulpitis was evoked by intradental administration of capsaicin (100 µg). The plant extracts (200 mg/kg/ i.p.) were administered 10 min before capsaicin. Pain scores were recorded for forty min. Afterward, feeding behavior was evaluated within 6 hours. All extracts could suppress capsaicin-related dental pulp pain. Furthermore, capsaicin decreased the number of visits to the food and water ports of the feeding behavior evaluation device that led to a reduced amount and duration of meals consumed. These harmful effects of capsaicin on meal duration, and frequency were attenuated by A.persica. Moreover, capsaicin inhibitory effect on food intake and water consumption was suppressed by all the extracts. Taken together, the present study showed that Artemisia species extracts are useful in supressing capsaicin-induced pulpal pain and pain-induced feeding abnormalities.

Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is considered one of the main ectoparasites that attack sheep, however, in Ecuador information about this parasite is limited. In this study, the prevalence of Melophagus ovinus in sheep was examined in Tungurahua province, Ecuador. For this purpose, sampling was performed in some semi-intensive and backyard sheep farming systems in different locations in Tungurahua. Significant differences were detected in the prevalence of M. ovinus between different locations, being higher in Ambato (39.3%), followed by Quero (33.5%), Mocha (32, 3%), Pelileo (30.7%), and Tisaleo (28%). Meanwhile, a significant decrease in prevalence was observed in Patate, Cevallos, and Píllaro ranging from 7.5% to 18%, and no Melophagus ovinus was detected in Baños. No relationship was observed between the number of ectoparasites and the gender or age of the host sheep. A higher incidence was observed in males (58.45%) than in females (41.55%), even though it was not statistically significant according to Pearson's Chi-squared (p/ = 0.492). Similarly, when considering the effect of the age of an animal on the incidence of M. ovinus, no significant association was found based on Pearson's Chi-squared (i>p/i>= 0.314). However, the animals aged 1-3 and older than 5 years showed a higher prevalence. This study highlights the need for further studies on the prevalence of Melophagus ovinus in producing areas.

There is a demand for using new alternative strategies to improve the health and production of poultry. One of them is the magnetization of the drinking water. Hence, this review article was designed to discuss the different effects of magnetized water on the poultry production traits, carcass traits, immune response, antimicrobial activity, blood parameters, and oxidative stress. Exposure of water to different magnetic fields positively rearranges the chemical structure and consequently improves its quality. Broilers received magnetized water showed an improvement in the body weight gains and the feed conversion ratios; layers revealed increasing in the eggs quantity and quality, and breeders exhibited an increase in the fertility and hatchability parameters. Improving of the dressing and carcass traits have been shown after providing magnetized water. Moreover, magnetized water may not only enhance the humoral immunity and decreases the pathogenic microbial load, but also increases the beneficial bacterial populations. Amelioration in the liver and kidney enzymes and other blood parameters as well as relieving of the oxidative stress were also detected in birds supplied with magnetized water. In conclusion, more research work should be carried out in this area and also more encouragement and awareness of poultry farmers to treat birds with magnetized water.

In ruminant, the kidneys are a major excretory organ that eliminate metabolic byproducts and regulate water-electrolyte homeostasis and maintain acid-base balance in the body. Therefore, kidney abnormalities cause a life-threatening effect on ruminants’ health. Renal torsion has not been reported in any animal species. In the present report, a case of a two-month-old male lamb that has unilateral renal torsion has been described. In necropsy, the twisted left kidney was severely congested and was enlarged in size. Histopathological studies revealed renal tubular and glomeruli necrosis. Vascular changes consisted of congestion and thrombi in the blood vessels. Abnormalities in the embryonic developmental period and increased mobility of the renal structure due to ligaments associated with a twisted kidney are suspected causes of the occurrence of renal torsion.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-time progesterone injection subcutaneously (SC) on estrus synchronization of Baluchi ewes. All ewes received one dose of PGF2α (15 mg) and then were divided into two groups. In the P4 group, a combination of progesterone and propylene glycol was subcutaneously injected twice at the three-day interval, and a vaginal sponge was used in the control group for 6 days.  On day 6, all ewes received 400 IU of eCG. 48h after eCG injection, two rams were introduced into the flock. Blood samples were taken daily from Day 0 to Day 13 to measure serum progesterone concentration. Ultrasonography was used to observe ovaries and monitor their changes at three-day intervals. In P4 and control groups, the estrus rate was 88.9% and 100% for P4 and control groups, respectively; the duration of estrus for the P4 and control groups was 8 and 8.5 days, respectively (p >0.05). No significant difference was observed in the size of the largest follicle and the number of follicles more than 2 mm in diameter between the treatment and control groups. Further studies with some changes and modifications are required for gaining acceptable fertility and prolificacy rates.

Frequent and unlimited use of antibiotics caused the development of antibiotic resistance by microorganisms. Therefore, there is an argent need to discover novel antibacterial agents or a combination of agents as a safe treatment strategy for various infections. In the present study the synergistic effects of cLFchimera, an antimicrobial peptides, and Vancomycin antibiotic were evaluated using checkerboard method against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria strain. cLFchimera had antimicrobial activity against MRSA and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (MIC: 256 and 512 µg/mL, respectively). A synergistic effect was observed in the combination of cLFchimera with Vancomycin (FIC: 0.375). The results showed that at FIC concentrations, release cytoplasmic materials from bacterial cells and the number of surviving cells were significantly (P≤0.05) higher and lower, respectively, than when peptides or antibiotic were used alone. SEM electron microscopic analysis at FIC concentration showed severe membrane damage of bacterial cells. In conclusion, the use of cLFchimera and Vancomycin at FIC concentration reduces the consumption of both substances.