A study was undertaken with an objective of evolving substrate specific customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for effective utilization of sorghum stover and groundnut haulm. Enzyme activity (IU/g) assay revealed that the activity of cellulose, xylanase and pectinase were 1368.33±23.30, 2294.16±65.17 and 930.83±52.22 respectively. All enzymes were found to have associate activity of other enzymes. An invitro trial was conducted to identify the concentration range of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. A second invitro trial was conducted to identify the precise concentration of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The third in vitro trial was conducted to optimize the concentration of non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The efficacy of customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture was further evaluated at three levels (viz the selected level, 10% higher than selected level and 10% lower than the selected level)to arrive at their optimal level of inclusion separately for sorghum stover and groundnut haulm.

A study was undertaken with an objective of evolving substrate specific customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for effective utilization of sorghum stover and groundnut haulm. Enzyme activity (IU/g) assay revealed that the activity of cellulose, xylanase and pectinase were 1368.33±23.30, 2294.16±65.17 and 930.83±52.22 respectively. All enzymes were found to have associate activity of other enzymes. An invitro trial was conducted to identify the concentration range of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. A second invitro trial was conducted to identify the precise concentration of individual non-starch polysaccharidase enzymes required for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The third in vitro trial was conducted to optimize the concentration of non-starch polysaccharidase mixture for inclusion to sorghum stover and groundnut haulm for maximum hydrolysis. The efficacy of customized non-starch polysaccharidase mixture was further evaluated at three levels (viz the selected level, 10% higher than selected level and 10% lower than the selected level)to arrive at their optimal level of inclusion separately for sorghum stover and groundnut haulm.

Brown seaweeds contain exclusive and enriched source of health promoting bioactive metabolites especially dietary fibre, antioxidants, essential amino acids, short chain fatty acids and minerals that helps in regulating and improving the gut microbiota and gut health. Threonine was found to be the predominant essential amino acids in S. tenerrimum (2.14±0.67 g/100g). The presence of n-3 long chain PUFA and the low ratio of n6:n3 fatty acid in S. tenerrimum (0.28) suggests it to serve as an ideal ingredient in preparation of low fat meat products. The Na/K ratio being 0.25 in S. tenerrimum could be of interest from a nutritional point of view as a balanced Na/K ratio is important to control hypertension. The mineral profile of S. tenerrimum suggests its suitability in preparation of low salt meat foods. The results of chemical profile of S. tenerrimum identifies it to act as an ideal functional source of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and anti-oxidants in meat products which will help to alleviate the ill effects of nutritional deficiencies.

The current study focuses on development of videos for effective dissemination of information on scientific animal husbandry practices through  social  media platform (YouTube) channel (Pashu Pragna) created for the specific purpose. Four important topics were selected for video production namely, clean milk production, artificial insemination in sheep and goat, improving fat and SNF in lactating cows and various government schemes for livestock development. The content and quality of videos were evaluated and standardized, by a team of experts consisting of 30 members. The effectiveness of these uploaded Pashu Pragna channel videos were assessed by exposing them to a sample of 100 livestock farmers who possessed at least five milch animals or shepherds having a minimum of 20 sheep or goats in Kolar district of Karnataka. The progress was measured in terms of their knowledge gain. The results indicated that majority of the experts rated the videos as good, both in terms of content and quality. Likewise, majority of the respondents who were exposed to the videos through the channel provided highly satisfied feedback. Further almost all of them had acquired significant level of knowledge gain on immediate post exposure evaluation, which indicated the effectiveness of the developed videos streamed through YouTube channel.

This  research  study  was  undertaken  to  find out  the  Participation  pattern and information sharing behaviour of farmers in WhatsApp social media. The data were collected by both interview method and participant observation technique. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics; association with participation pattern and the variables were captured by using chi square and Mann Whitney U test; relationship between selected independent variables and tendency to access and share information in WhatsApp group was studied using logistic regression model. The results revealed that 51.70 % of the farmers used WhatsApp mainly for sharing of farm related information, had a WhatsApp usage period of ranging from 0.3 to 10 years, possess membership in seven groups and as group admin in more than one group with 10 to 360 minutes time spent per day. Selected independent variables viz., type of group, number of membership and admin status, WhatsApp and internet usage period, relationship with group members, role in content generation, age and involvement in specialized farming all together explained 60 per cent of variations in tendency to access and share information in social media.

A study was carried out in pregnant sows with iron supplementation to assess the hematological variables as well as prevalence of stillbirth condition in the litter. A total of 12 pregnant sows of Large White Yorkshire were selected and divided into two groups under this study. Blood samples were collected at three different intervals during  pregnancy  and  after  farrowing.  The  first blood  collection  was  carried  out before administering iron injection and parentral iron supplementation (2000 mg intramuscularly) was done at 15 days interval. The second collection of blood was done after treatment just before farrowing. The third collection of blood was done at three weeks immediately after farrowing and the samples were analyzed by using auto analyser. The occurrence of stillbirth and total number of live piglets born were calculated during the farrowing. The variability in hematologic parameter and still birth condition of sows were analyzed by standard statistical method. The average value of heme protein concentration in sow was 11.52 gm /dl prior to farrowing. The litter size of 9.83 (0.87) and 0.33 (0.21) were achieved with respective of piglets born and stillborn piglets in iron supplemented group. Though the occurrence of still born condition between treated and control group did not differ significantly but had significant effect on total born piglets between groups.

A non-descript doe was diagnosed for fetal maceration. Incompletely dilated cervix hindered manual removal of fetal bones per vaginum. Hence C-section was performed.  Since fetal bones were severely embedded to the endometrium, the uterine horn embedded with the   fetal bones was amputated. The doe recovered uneventfully after follow-up treatment.

Hoof health is one of the key factors in maintaining proper animal health, longevity and productivity. Hoof health influences the overall well-being of animals, so it is a concern for the dairy farmers. It is a serious welfare issue also. In this article  common  hoof  disorders  of  cattle  and  various  risk  factors  associated  with hoof health and the common management practices suggested to improve the hoof health of the cattle and thus to improve overall health and productivity are discussed.

Analysis of performance of industrial broiler chicken data reveals that, summer season has recorded significantly (P<0.01) higher market age of 39.98 days and the highest market weight was recorded in winter (2.33 kg).   The lowest market weight was recorded in summer (2.20 kg) with significantly (P<0.01) poorest feed conversion ratio of 1.70. The high negative correlation coefficient of -0.88 was observed between feed conversion ratio and Broiler Performance Efficiency Factor (BPEF) score which indicates that, feed efficiency is a single largest factor influencing the BPEF score, while market age has the positive correlation with feed conversion ratio (0.63), which means market age has negative association with feed efficiency. It is concluded that, though feed efficiency is a single largest factor in influencing the BPEF score, while market age is indirectly influencing feed efficiency which in turn is a decision of integrator.

An 8-year-old male kathiawari horse was presented to Large Animal Surgery Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, with a history of cloudiness and lacrimation of the right eye with worm crawling for the past 3 days. Ophthalmic examination revealed a thread like worm swimming inside the anterior chamber of eye and mild opacity was noticed in the right eye. Under xylazine-ketamine general anaesthesia and proparacaine topical analgesia, the worm was surgical removed by needle paracentesis. Postoperatively, the horse was administered antibiotics and anti-inflammatories along with inj. Tetanus toxoid. The horse was dewormed with oral ivermectin. A complete resolution of lacrimation and corneal opacity was noticed on 20th postoperative day.