Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported sporadically in Iraq during the last four decades, until 2022, when an aggressive outbreak hits several provinces. Two human cases have been reported in Al-Husseiniya District / Karbala Province (June and July 2022). Tick control on animals, backyards, and barns to reduce human CCHF cases. On October 2, 2022, an 8-day tick control campaign was organized in 65 villages in Al-Husseiniya district to apply pesticides to approximately 25,000 animals (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats) and spray over 300,000 square meters of backyards and barns. In parallel, a public awareness campaign was carried out by distributing brochures to breeder families. Following the tick control campaign (from October to December 2022), there were no cases reported in Al-Husseiniya district/Karbala Province by the Ministry of Health (MoH). While for the same period, six cases were reported in the surrounding districts. About 912 families of animal breeders benefited from the campaign and were therefore protected from the risk of CCHF by reducing the tick population on their animals. The expense for treating each animal head and spraying one square meter of barns was $0.005, equivalent to 88 Iraqi dinars. Spraying backyards, treating animals with pesticides, and increasing farmer knowledge can all lower the risk of CCHF in people. Nevertheless, more research is still required to determine which pesticides—such as biological, immunological, and integrated pest management, ovicidel pesticide —are the most successful. The study recommends the need to seek assistance from non-employed veterinarians in the future to contain and control (CCHF) disease, based on the success of this experiment. 

The growing number of honey bee colonies and beekeepers in Canada has led to a great diversity of beekeeping practices. All beekeeping operations, however, need to implement consistent management measures for the control of diseases. The objective of this study was to document the actual disease management practices of beekeeping productions in southwestern Quebec, Canada. A survey was conducted to describe management practices used by 15 beekeepers who own 1824 colonies in that area. Data were obtained by telephone interviews. When infectious diseases were suspected, beekeepers generally avoided using potentially toxic acaricides and chemical treatments associated with antimicrobial resistance and instead used preventive, physical or management methods, although laboratory diagnosis was rarely used. This study highlights the wide variety of operation sizes, activities, and disease management strategies among beekeepers in southwestern Quebec. It identifies the need to encourage the use of services available to them and to propose a standardized preventive medical approach for field veterinarians to avoid the spread of infectious diseases.

Chemotherapeutic treatment is still the foundation of tick control programs. This study investigated the acaricidal efficacy of cypermethrin alone and in combination with chlorpyrifos against Haemaphysalis (H.) longicornis. Unfed larval ticks were exposed to 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/mL cypermethrin for 60 min, after which the acaricidal efficacy was examined based on tick mortality. All compounds showed similar suppression curves, with the best control being achieved by cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos (1 : 1 ratio) at 10 mg/mL. Effective cypermethrin concentrations for tick control were two to seven times higher than the recommended doses, indicating resistance by H. longicornis.

Angora goats heavily infested with Chorioptes bovis were dipped one time in either 0.05% amitraz, 0.27% coumaphos, 0.05% fenvalerate, or 0.03% lindane, Control of the mites by the single dips was evaluated for 21 days. Amitraz caused 98% mortality of the mites initially. Both coumaphos and lindane caused greater than 85% mortality at 3 days, but mite numbers increased rapidly thereafter. Only fenvalerate killed all of the mites.

The efficacy of two methods of spraying of acaricides on tick-infested sheep and goats was assessed. Two pyrethroid acaricides, 0.15% sumicidin and 0.20% butox were sprayed on individual animal one by one or on group of ten animals kept in small enclosures at a time, totally involving 40 sheep and 40 goats for each method. The efficacy, as seen from the total efficacy score (TES) of the former method of spraying, was found to be higher than the latter. But the advantages of the group spraying were that it saved the time in spraying and the quantity of acaricidal emulsion.